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In 2009, more than 40,000 people died prematurely in Sindh, Pakistan because of an illness associated with an environmental health risk. This means that almost one of every five deaths that occurred that year was caused by environmental factors. Loss of natural resources and impacts from natural disasters also represent development challenges. Increased salinity and waterlogging result in loss of agricultural crops. In addition, hydro-meteorological hazards recurrently affect Sindh, as illustrated by the devastating effects of the 2010 and 2011 floods. For Sindh's population, these problems mean pain and suffering, and reduced opportunities for economic advancement. The costs of all these phenomena are equivalent to 10% of Sindh's Gross Domestic Product. Climate change may exacerbate these challenges. Sindh's environmental and climate change problems call for urgent responses. A number of feasible interventions could be carried out to address the categories of environmental degradation that have the highest impacts on Sindh's population. Many of those interventions have positive benefit-cost ratios, meaning that every rupee invested in them would result in health and social benefits worth more than one rupee. Addressing these challenges also calls for targeted institutional strengthening and policy improvements, particularly after the 18th Constitutional Amendment devolved environmental management responsibilities to provincial governments. The underlying goal of this book is to facilitate and stimulate sharing of information on these phenomena, and to provide an interdisciplinary framework for bringing about improved environmental conditions in Sindh. It includes a methodology that enables the identification of environmental and climate change priority problems; the analysis of interventions to address such problems; the establishment of a social learning mechanism to continuously improve Sindh's responses and build resilience in the face of climate variability and change; and opportunities for the potential involvement of different stakeholder groups to decisively tackle climate change and deteriorating environmental conditions.

Poor -- Pakistan -- Sindh. --- Poverty -- Pakistan -- Sindh. --- Sindh (Pakistan) -- Economic conditions. --- Sustainability -- Pakistan -- Sindh. --- Sustainable development --- Poverty --- Poor --- Economic History --- Business & Economics --- Sustainability --- Sindh (Pakistan) --- Economic conditions. --- Destitution --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Sustainability science --- Economic conditions --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Persons --- Social classes --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- Sind (Pakistan)

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Income inequality is rising. A quarter of a century ago, the average disposable income of the richest 10% in OECD countries was around seven times higher than that of the poorest 10%; today, it’s around 9½ times higher. Why does this matter? Many fear this widening gap is hurting individuals, societies and even economies. This book explores income inequality across five main headings. It starts by explaining some key terms in the inequality debate. It then examines recent trends and explains why income inequality varies between countries. Next it looks at why income gaps are growing and, in particular, at the rise of the 1%. It then looks at the consequences, including research that suggests widening inequality could hurt economic growth. Finally, it examines policies for addressing inequality and making economies more inclusive.

Income distribution. --- Rich people. --- Poor. --- Equality. --- United States --- Economic policy --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Affluent people --- High income people --- Rich --- Rich, The --- Rich people --- Wealthy people --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Economic conditions

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Democracy has provided opportunities for political representation and accountability, but it has also created incentives for creating and maintaining clientelistic networks. Why has clientelism consolidated with the introduction of democracy? Drawing on network analysis, Mobilizing Poor Voters answers this question by describing and explaining the emergence, maintenance, and disappearance of political, partisan, and social networks in Argentina. Combining qualitative and quantitative data gathered during twenty-four months of field research in eight municipalities in Argentina, Mobilizing Poor Voters shows that when party leaders distribute political promotions to party candidates based only on the number of voters they mobilize, party leaders incentivize the use of clientelistic strategies among candidates competing to mobilize voters in poor neighborhoods. The logic of perverse incentives examined in this book explains why candidates who use clientelism succeed in getting elected and re-elected over time, contributing to the consolidation of political machines at the local level.

Poor --- Social media --- Political participation --- Voting --- Polls --- Elections --- Politics, Practical --- Social choice --- Suffrage --- User-generated media --- Communication --- User-generated content --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Political activity --- Political aspects --- Economic conditions --- Argentina --- Argenṭinah --- Argenṭine --- Argentine Confederation (1851-1861) --- Argentine Nation --- Argentine Republic --- Aruzenchin --- Confederación Argentina (1851-1861) --- Nación Argentina --- República Argentina --- アルゼンチン --- Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata --- Politics and government --- Balloting

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This book illustrates the meaning and scope of lifelong learning and different types of poverty reduction programs prevalent generally in the African context and particularly in selected communities in Botswana. Lifelong learning is important for all stakeholders in poverty reduction to develop a better understanding of the scope and extent of poverty so that they can make informed decisions on best ways of tackling poverty. The book succinctly showcases community development and engagement initiatives and experiences from selected African universities and how the interaction of the universities and their respective communities resulted in a major transformation in the lives of poor families through exposure to some engagement strategies that effectively gave them a better future in their fight against poverty. This book develops in the reader a better understanding of the dynamics and dilemma of poverty and its negative effects on individuals and communities. But it answers the plight of the poor by equipping them with effective and practical tools to transform their lives and take full control of their destiny. ·         Provides a conceptual understanding of lifelong learning ·         Describes practical aspects and indicators of poverty and how it requires tackling through a multi-sectoral approach ·         Focuses on poverty reduction in all fronts, including development of an entrepreneurship mind-set.

Education. --- Lifelong Learning/Adult Education. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Sociology of Education. --- Adult education. --- Education --- Education des adultes --- Continuing education -- Africa. --- Education -- Aims and objectives -- Africa. --- Educational sociology -- Africa. --- Poor -- Education -- Africa. --- Social Sciences --- Education, Special Topics --- Continuing education --- Educational sociology --- Poor --- Aims and objectives --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Lifelong education --- Lifelong learning --- Permanent education --- Recurrent education --- Economic conditions --- Educational sociology. --- Lifelong learning. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Education and sociology. --- Sociology, Educational. --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Adult education --- Adults, Education of --- Education of adults --- Open learning --- Education and sociology --- Social problems in education --- Society and education --- Sociology, Educational --- Sociology --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Social institutions --- Equality.

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Early in the Great Depression, English and French business leaders in Montreal presided over the reorganization and rationalization of Catholic charities in their communities with the blessing, but not the active participation, of the Church. Thus started a decades-long transition from religious charity to public welfare, from largely volunteer work to professional social work, from charity provided by alms to private assistance financed by centralized, large-scale campaigns. Focusing on the Fédération des Œuvres de charité canadiennes-françaises and the Federation of Catholic Charities, Amélie Bourbeau analyzes organizational records, newspapers, government reports, and personal papers to provide new insights into the history of Catholic charities in Montreal. Far from experiencing a linear development, Bourbeau argues, both francophone and anglophone federations were sites of experimentation and innovation, but also conflict - between volunteers and professionals, laypeople and clergy, traditional charity and modern assistance, and sometimes between the communities and the federations themselves - as they evolved towards their current affiliation with state-run social work. From the Great Depression through to the Quiet Revolution, citizenship, the role of the state, and the meanings of religion and language were all subjects of dramatic debate and change in Quebec. By looking closely at the history of social assistance, Techniciens de l’organisation sociale provides a new vantage point from which to understand these transformations.

Poor --- Public welfare --- Pauvres --- Aide sociale --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Services for --- History --- Protection, assistance, etc. --- Histoire --- Government policy --- Economic conditions --- Federation of Catholic Charities --- Fédération des oeuvres de charité canadiennes-françaises --- History. --- Histoire. --- Montréal (Québec) --- Social conditions --- Manrėalʹ (Québec) --- Marianopolis (Québec) --- Mengteli'er (Québec) --- Monrealʹ (Québec) --- Monreāla (Québec) --- Monrealis (Québec) --- Mons Regalis (Québec) --- Mons Regius (Québec) --- Mont-Royal (Québec) --- Montoriōru (Québec) --- Montreali (Québec) --- Monṭreʼol (Québec) --- Montʻŭriol (Québec) --- Mūntiryāl (Québec) --- Ville de Montréal (Québec) --- Μόντρεαλ (Québec) --- Манрэаль (Québec) --- Монреал (Québec) --- Монреаль (Québec) --- Монтреал (Québec) --- מאנטרעאל (Québec) --- מונטריאול (Québec) --- مونتريال (Québec) --- モントリオール (Québec) --- 蒙特利尔 (Québec) --- 몬트리올 (Québec)