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Mass Spectroscopy Imaging (MSI) has emerged as an enabling technique to provide insight into the molecular entities within cells, tissues and whole-body samples and to understand inherent complexities within biological metabolomes. In Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Small Molecules, experts in the MSI field present techniques for 2D and 3D visualization and quantification of a wide array of small molecular species present in biologically relevant samples. Chapters provide detailed operational instructions from sample preparation to method selection, from comparative quantification to structural identification, and from data collection to visualization of small molecule mapping in complex samples. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Authoritative and easily accessible, Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Small Molecules aims to bring the rapidly maturing methods of metabolic imaging to life science researchers and to minimize technical intimidation in adapting new technological platforms in biological research.

Radiology, Medical. --- Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry

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This volume provides insight into the principles underscoring various advanced microscopy methods and how they have been, or have the potential to be, applied to mycology. Offering a comprehensive overview of the confocal principle, confocal laser scanning microscopy and its application to fungal biology, this text also examines the newer sophisticated fluorescence-based methods of technology.

Microscopy --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Mycology. --- Fungal molecular biology. --- Fungi --- Molecular fungal biology --- Molecular aspects --- Life sciences. --- Cell biology. --- Developmental biology. --- Plant physiology. --- Microscopy. --- Life Sciences. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Plant Physiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Developmental Biology. --- Molecular biology --- Botany --- Microbiology --- Cytology. --- Development (Biology) --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Plants --- Physiology --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics

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The book is devoted to three types of laser-based spectroscopy of minerals, namely Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Luminescence, Laser-Induced Breakdown spectroscopy and Gated Raman Spectroscopy. This new edition presents the main new data, which have been received after the publication of the first edition ten years ago both by the authors and by other researchers. During this time, only the authors published more than 50 original papers devoted to laser-based spectroscopy of minerals. A lot of new data have been accumulated, both in fundamental and applied aspects, which are presented in new edition.

Mineralogy --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Luminescence spectroscopy. --- Minerals --- Spectra. --- Luminescence spectrometry --- Spectrometry, Luminescence --- Spectroscopy, Luminescence --- Earth sciences. --- Mineralogy. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Earth Sciences. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Mines and mineral resources --- Spectrum analysis --- Luminescent probes --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Light --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry

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This thesis approaches impact resistance in dense suspensions from a new perspective. The most well-known example of dense suspensions, a mixture of cornstarch and water, provides enough impact resistance to allow a person to run across its surface. In the past, this phenomenon had been linked to "shear thickening" under a steady shear state attributed to hydrodynamic interactions or granular dilation. However, neither explanation accounted for the stress scales required for a person to run on the surface. Through this research, it was discovered that the impact resistance is due to local compression of the particle matrix. This compression forces the suspension across the jamming transition and precipitates a rapidly growing solid mass. This growing solid, as a result, absorbs the impact energy. This is the first observation of such jamming front, linking nonlinear suspension dynamics in a new way to the jamming phase transition known from dry granular materials.

Physics. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Physique --- Amorphous substances. --- Condensed matter. --- Plasma spectroscopy. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Solidification. --- Cornstarch. --- Corn-starch --- Fluids. --- Complex fluids. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Corn products --- Starch --- Crystallization --- Heat --- Melting points --- Solutions, Solid --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry

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This collection of papers describes the instrument and initial results obtained from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS),  one of the post-focus instruments of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. The FISS primarily aims at investigating structures and dynamics of  chromospheric features. This instrument is a dual-band Echelle spectrograph optimized for the simultaneous recording of the H I 656.3 nm band and the Ca II 854.2 nm band. The imaging is done with the fast raster scan realized by the linear motion of a two-mirror scanner, and its quality is determined by the performance of the adaptive optics of the telescope.    These papers illustrate the capability of the early FISS observations in the study of chromospheric features. Since the imaging quality has been improved a lot with the advance of the adaptive optics, one can obtain much better data with the current FISS observations.        This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers working in the field of solar physics and space sciences.   Originally published in Solar Physics, Vol. 288, Issue 1, 2013, and Vol. 289, Issue 11, 2014.

Physics. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Astrophysics. --- Physique --- Astrophysique --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Solar telescopes. --- Telescope, Solar --- Space sciences. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Telescopes --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Measurement   . --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry