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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in Canada and USA. Majority of the patients present in advanced stage of the disease and of these only about 2% will be alive at 5 years. NSCLC is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 87% of cases. Systemic chemotherapies have been used to treat metastatic NSCLC for decades, but the improvements of outcomes have reached a plateau. Recent advances in understanding signalling pathways for malignant cells, their interconections,the importance of various receptors and biomarkers and the interplay between various oncogenes have led to the development of targeted treatments that are improving both efficacy and safety of the treatments. Knowledge about the advantages of treatments with the targeted agents in metastatic NSCLC is growing rapidly. Combining various targeted agents or sequencing them properly will be important in the era of personalised medicine and overcoming development of the resistence to various targeted agents will be challenging. The importance of a team work,from the diagnosis through various treatments, to supportive care, from the interventional radiologists, pneumologists or surgeons, who have to obtain a satisfactory tumor tissue specimen, to pathologists, radiation and medical oncologists, to supportive care specialists, will be described in our publications. We will cover completely present and future approaches to personalised medicine in this rapidly evolving field of metastatic NSCLC.

Lungs --- Cancer. --- Epidermal growth factor receptors --- Non small cell lung cancer --- Echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 --- Quality of Life --- KRAS --- Anaplastic lymphoma kinase --- personalized medicine

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in Canada and USA. Majority of the patients present in advanced stage of the disease and of these only about 2% will be alive at 5 years. NSCLC is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 87% of cases. Systemic chemotherapies have been used to treat metastatic NSCLC for decades, but the improvements of outcomes have reached a plateau. Recent advances in understanding signalling pathways for malignant cells, their interconections,the importance of various receptors and biomarkers and the interplay between various oncogenes have led to the development of targeted treatments that are improving both efficacy and safety of the treatments. Knowledge about the advantages of treatments with the targeted agents in metastatic NSCLC is growing rapidly. Combining various targeted agents or sequencing them properly will be important in the era of personalised medicine and overcoming development of the resistence to various targeted agents will be challenging. The importance of a team work,from the diagnosis through various treatments, to supportive care, from the interventional radiologists, pneumologists or surgeons, who have to obtain a satisfactory tumor tissue specimen, to pathologists, radiation and medical oncologists, to supportive care specialists, will be described in our publications. We will cover completely present and future approaches to personalised medicine in this rapidly evolving field of metastatic NSCLC.

Lungs --- Epidermal growth factor receptors --- Non small cell lung cancer --- Echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 --- Quality of Life --- KRAS --- Anaplastic lymphoma kinase --- personalized medicine --- Cancer. --- Epidermal growth factor receptors --- Non small cell lung cancer --- Echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 --- Quality of Life --- KRAS --- Anaplastic lymphoma kinase --- personalized medicine

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Cancer is initiated by activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Mutations in the K-ras proto-oncogene are responsible for 10–30% of adenocarcinomas. Clinical Findings point to a wide variety of other cancers contributing to lung cancer incidence. Such a scenario makes identification of lung cancer difficult and thus identifying its mechanisms can contribute to the society. Identifying unique conserved patterns common to contributing proto-oncogenes may further be a boon to Pharmacogenomics and pharmacoinformatics. This calls for ab initio/de novo drug discovery that in turn will require a comprehensive in silico approach of Sequence, Domain, Phylogenetic and Structural analysis of the receptors, ligand screening and optimization and detailed Docking studies. This brief involves extensive role of the RAS subfamily that includes a set of proteins, which cause an over expression of cancer-causing genes like M-ras and initiate tumour formation in lungs. SNP Studies and Structure based drug discovery will also be undertaken.

Engineering. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Cancer Research. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Health Informatics. --- Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering. --- Oncology. --- Medical records --- Bioinformatics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Ingénierie --- Cancérologie --- Dossiers médicaux --- Bio-informatique --- Mathématiques de l'ingénieur --- Génie biomédical --- Data processing. --- Informatique --- Medical records_xData processing. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Ras oncogenes. --- Lungs --- Cancer. --- Lung cancer --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Ras genes --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Guanosine triphosphatase genes --- Oncogenes --- Data processing --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- EHR systems --- EHR technology --- EHRs (Electronic health records) --- Electronic health records --- Electronic medical records --- EMR systems --- EMRs (Electronic medical records) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Medicine --- Tumors --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Mathematics --- Medical care --- Computational intelligence. --- Cancer research. --- Health informatics. --- Applied mathematics. --- Clinical informatics --- Health informatics --- Medical information science --- Cancer research --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing