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Today many scientists recognize plasma as the key element to understanding new observations in near-Earth, interplanetary, interstellar, and intergalactic space; in stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies, and throughout the observable universe. Physics of the Plasma Universe, 2nd Edition is an update of observations made across the entire cosmic electromagnetic spectrum over the two decades since the publication of the first edition. It addresses paradigm changing discoveries made by telescopes, planetary probes, satellites, and radio and space telescopes. The contents are the result of the author's 37 years research at Livermore and Los Alamos National Laboratories, and the U.S. Department of Energy. This book covers topics such as the large-scale structure and the filamentary universe; the formation of magnetic fields and galaxies, active galactic nuclei and quasars, the origin and abundance of light elements, star formation and the evolution of solar systems, and cosmic rays. Chapters 8 and 9 are based on the research of Professor Gerrit Verschuur, and reinvestigation of the manifestation of interstellar neutral hydrogen filaments from radio astronomical observations are given. Using data from the Green Bank 100-m telescope (GBT) of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), detailed information is presented for a non-cosmological origin for the cosmic microwave background quadruple moment. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers active in the areas of cosmic plasmas and space science. The supercomputer and experimental work was carried out within university, National laboratory, Department of Energy, and supporting NASA facilities. .

Physics. --- Plasma Physics. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Cosmology. --- Astronomy. --- Physique --- Astronomie --- Plasma astrophysics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Plasma astrophysics. --- Astrophysical plasmas --- Plasmas, Astrophysical --- Astrophysics. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Astrophysics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics

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This book makes good background reading for much of modern magnetospheric physics. Its origin was a Festspiel for Professor Jim Dungey, former professor in the Physics Department at Imperial College on the occasion of his 90th birthday, 30 January 2013. Remarkably, although he retired 30 years ago, his pioneering and, often, maverick work in the 50’s through to the 70’s on solar terrestrial physics is probably more widely appreciated today than when he retired. Dungey was a theoretical plasma physicist. The book covers how his reconnection model of the magnetosphere evolved to become the standard model of solar-terrestrial coupling. Dungey’s open magnetosphere model now underpins a holistic picture explaining not only the magnetic and plasma structure of the magnetosphere, but also its dynamics which can be monitored in real time. The book also shows how modern day simulation of solar terrestrial coupling can reproduce the real time evolution of the solar terrestrial system in ways undreamt of in 1961 when Dungey’s epoch-making paper was published. Further contributions on current Earth magnetosphere research and space plasma physics included in this book show how Dungey’s basic ideas have remained explanative 50 years on. But the Festspiel also introduced some advances that possibly Dungey had not foreseen. One of the contributions presented in this book is on the variety of magnetospheres of the solar system which have been seen directly during the space age, discussing the variations in spatial scale and reconnection time scale and comparing them in respect of Earth, Mercury, the giant planets as well as Ganymede.

Physics. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Plasma Physics. --- Physical geography. --- Astrophysics. --- Physique --- Géographie physique --- Astrophysique --- Dungey, Jim. --- Magnetospheric physics. --- Space plasmas. --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic plasmas --- Plasmas, Cosmic --- Plasmas, Space --- Magnetosphere --- Physics --- Geophysics. --- Space sciences. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Cosmic physics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Atmospheric physics --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Geography --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases

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This book is devoted to the problem of confinement of energy and particles in tokamak plasmas. The author presents the Canonical Profile Transport Model or CPTM as a rather general mathematical framework to simulate plasma discharges. The description of hot plasmas in a magnetic fusion device is a very challenging task and many plasma properties still lack a physical explanation. One important property is plasma self-organization. It is well known from experiments that the radial profile of the plasma pressure and temperature remains rather unaffected by changes of the deposited power or plasma density. The attractiveness of the CPTM is that it includes the effect of self-organization in the mathematical model without having to recur to particular physical mechanisms. The CPTM model contains one dimensional transport equations for ion and electron temperatures, plasma density and toroidal rotation velocity. These equations are well established but the expressions for the energy, particle and momentum fluxes, including corresponding critical gradients, are new. These critical gradients can be determined using the concept of canonical profiles for the first time formulated in great detail in the book. This concept represents a totally new approach to the description of transport in plasmas. Mathematically, the canonical profiles are formulated as a variational problem. To describe the temporal evolution of the plasma profiles, the Euler equation defining the canonical profiles is solved together with the transport equations at each time step. The author shows that in this way it is possible to describe very different operational scenarios in tokamaks (L-Mode, H-Mode, Advanced Modes, Radiating Improved Modes etc…), using one unique principle. The author illustrates the application of this principle to the simulation of plasmas on leading tokamak devices in the world (JET, MAST, T-10, DIII-D, ASDEX-U, JT-60U). In all cases the small differences between the calculated profiles for the ion and electron temperatures and the experimental is rather confirm the validity of the CPTM. In addition, the model also describes the temperature and density pedestals in the H-mode and non steady-state regimes with current and density ramp up. The proposed model therefore provides a very useful mathematical tool for the analysis of experimental results and for the prediction of plasma parameters in future experiments.

Physics. --- Plasma Physics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physique --- Physique mathématique --- High temperature plasmas. --- Plasma astrophysics. --- Thermodynamics. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Nuclear energy. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Gases at high temperatures --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Physical mathematics --- Mathematics --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases

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This book is an introduction to contemporary plasma physics that discusses the most relevant recent advances in the field and covers a careful choice of applications to various branches of astrophysics and space science. The purpose of the book is to allow the student to master the basic concepts of plasma physics and to bring him or her up to date in a number of relevant areas of current research. Topics covered include orbit theory, kinetic theory, fluid models, magnetohydrodynamics, MHD turbulence, instabilities, discontinuities, and magnetic reconnection. Some prior knowledge of classical physics is required, in particular fluid mechanics, statistical physics, and electrodynamics. The mathematical developments are self-contained and explicitly detailed in the text. A number of exercises are provided at the end of each chapter, together with suggestions and solutions.

Physics. --- Plasma Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Astrophysics. --- Physique --- Astrophysique --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Plasma astrophysics --- Astrophysical plasmas --- Plasmas, Astrophysical --- Fluids. --- Space sciences. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Astrophysics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Mathematical statistics --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Astronomy --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Hydraulics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Statistical methods --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Plasma astrophysics.

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This course-tested textbook conveys the fundamentals of magnetic fields and relativistic plasma in diffuse cosmic media, with a primary focus on phenomena that have been observed at different wavelengths. Theoretical concepts are addressed wherever necessary, with derivations presented in sufficient detail to be generally accessible. In the first few chapters the authors present an introduction to various astrophysical phenomena related to cosmic magnetism, with scales ranging from molecular clouds in star-forming regions and supernova remnants in the Milky Way, to clusters of galaxies. Later chapters address the role of magnetic fields in the evolution of the interstellar medium, galaxies and galaxy clusters. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in astronomy and physics and will serve as an entry point for those starting their first research projects in the field.

Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Plasma Physics. --- Cosmology. --- Physique --- Astronomy. --- Cosmic magnetic fields -- Textbooks. --- Galaxies -- Magnetic fields -- Textbooks. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Galaxies --- Cosmic magnetic fields --- Magnetic fields. --- Research. --- Cosmic magnetism --- Extraterrestrial magnetic fields --- Magnetic fields (Cosmic physics) --- Galactic magnetic fields --- Galactic magnetism --- Magnetism, Galactic --- Astrophysics. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Magnetic fields --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics