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Dwight F. Reynolds brings together a collection of essays by leading international scholars to provide a comprehensive and accessible survey of modern Arab culture, from the early nineteenth to the twenty-first century. The chapters survey key issues necessary to any understanding of the modern Arab World: the role of the various forms of the Arabic language in modern culture and identity; the remarkable intellectual transformation undergone during the 'Nahda' or 'Arab Renaissance' of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the significant role played by ethnic and religious minorities, and the role of law and constitutions. Other chapters on poetry, narrative, theatre, cinema and television, art, architecture, humour, folklore, and food offer fresh perspectives and correct negative stereotypes that emerge from viewing Arab culture primarily through the lens of politics, terrorism, religion, and economics.
Civilization, Arab --- Arab countries --- Intellectual life --- Civilització àrab --- Vida intel·lectual --- Segle XIX-segle XXI --- Països àrabs
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This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Advanced Methodologies for Bayesian Networks, AMBN 2015, held in Yokohama, Japan, in November 2015. The 18 revised full papers and 6 invited abstracts presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. In the International Workshop on Advanced Methodologies for Bayesian Networks (AMBN), the researchers explore methodologies for enhancing the effectiveness of graphical models including modeling, reasoning, model selection, logic-probability relations, and causality. The exploration of methodologies is complemented discussions of practical considerations for applying graphical models in real world settings, covering concerns like scalability, incremental learning, parallelization, and so on.
Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Mathematical statistics. --- Database management. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Probability and Statistics in Computer Science. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Database Management. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Mathematics --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Informatics --- Science --- Statistical methods --- Foundations --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Software, Computer --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Intel·ligència artificial --- Estadística bayesiana --- Estadística de Bayes --- Fórmula de Bayes --- Presa de decisions (Estadística bayesiana) --- Solució de Bayes --- Teorema de Bayes --- Teoria de la decisió estadística bayesiana --- Presa de decisions --- Ciència cognitiva --- Mètodes de simulació --- Processament de dades --- Sistemes autoorganitzatius --- Aprenentatge automàtic --- Demostració automàtica de teoremes --- Intel·ligència artificial distribuïda --- Intel·ligència computacional --- Sistemes adaptatius --- Tractament del llenguatge natural (Informàtica) --- Raonament qualitatiu --- Representació del coneixement (Teoria de la informació) --- Sistemes de pregunta i resposta --- Traducció automàtica --- Visió per ordinador --- Xarxes neuronals (Informàtica) --- Xarxes semàntiques (Teoria de la informació) --- Agents intel·ligents (Programes d'ordinador) --- Programació per restriccions --- Vida artificial
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This book presents the leading models of social network diffusion that are used to demonstrate the spread of disease, ideas, and behavior. It introduces diffusion models from the fields of computer science (independent cascade and linear threshold), sociology (tipping models), physics (voter models), biology (evolutionary models), and epidemiology (SIR/SIS and related models). A variety of properties and problems related to these models are discussed including identifying seeds sets to initiate diffusion, game theoretic problems, predicting diffusion events, and more. The book explores numerous connections between social network diffusion research and artificial intelligence through topics such as agent-based modeling, logic programming, game theory, learning, and data mining. The book also surveys key empirical results in social network diffusion, and reviews the classic and cutting-edge research with a focus on open problems.
Intel·ligència artificial --- Xifratge (Informàtica) --- Xarxes socials en línia --- Artificial intelligence. --- Data encryption (Computer science). --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Cryptology. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Data encoding (Computer science) --- Encryption of data (Computer science) --- Computer security --- Cryptography --- Comunitats virtuals --- Xarxes socials per Internet --- Xarxes socials virtuals --- Xarxes socials (Internet) --- Mitjans de comunicació social --- Pàgines web --- Xarxes socials --- Dades --- Encriptació (Informàtica) --- Encriptació de dades (Informàtica) --- Criptografia --- Protecció de dades --- Seguretat informàtica --- Biònica --- Ciència cognitiva --- Informàtica --- Màquines, Teoria de --- Ordinadors neuronals --- Simulació, Mètodes de --- Sistemes autoorganitzatius --- Vida artificial
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In less than a decade, the Internet went from being a series of loosely connected networks used by universities and the military to the powerful commercial engine it is today. This book describes how many of the key innovations that made this possible came from entrepreneurs and iconoclasts who were outside the mainstream-and how the commercialization of the Internet was by no means a foregone conclusion at its outset.Shane Greenstein traces the evolution of the Internet from government ownership to privatization to the commercial Internet we know today. This is a story of innovation from the edges. Greenstein shows how mainstream service providers that had traditionally been leaders in the old-market economy became threatened by innovations from industry outsiders who saw economic opportunities where others didn't-and how these mainstream firms had no choice but to innovate themselves. New models were tried: some succeeded, some failed. Commercial markets turned innovations into valuable products and services as the Internet evolved in those markets. New business processes had to be created from scratch as a network originally intended for research and military defense had to deal with network interconnectivity, the needs of commercial users, and a host of challenges with implementing innovative new services.How the Internet Became Commercial demonstrates how, without any central authority, a unique and vibrant interplay between government and private industry transformed the Internet.
Entrepreneurship. --- Telecommunication --- Information technology --- Internet industry --- Internet --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- DARPA Internet --- Internet (Computer network) --- Wide area networks (Computer networks) --- World Wide Web --- Computer industry --- Technological innovations. --- Economic aspects. --- History. --- Internet - Economic aspects --- Internet industry - History --- Information technology - Economic aspects --- Telecommunication - Technological innovations --- Advertising. --- At Best. --- Auction. --- Bidding. --- Bulletin board. --- Business partner. --- Business process. --- CIX. --- Commercial Internet eXchange. --- Commercialization of the Internet. --- Commercialization. --- Compaq. --- Competitive advantage. --- CompuServe. --- Computer network. --- Computer scientist. --- Computer. --- Computing. --- Customer. --- Designer. --- Dial-up Internet access. --- Domain name. --- Dot-com bubble. --- E-commerce. --- Economics. --- Email. --- Employment. --- Engineering. --- Expense. --- Forecasting. --- Funding. --- Governance. --- HTML. --- Household. --- IBM. --- Illustration. --- Information technology. --- Infrastructure. --- Insider. --- Institution. --- Intel. --- Interconnection. --- Internet Explorer. --- Internet Society. --- Internet access. --- Investor. --- Killer application. --- Larry Page. --- Local area network. --- MCI Inc. --- Market value. --- Marketing. --- Mass market. --- Microsoft. --- Modem. --- Mosaic (web browser). --- National Science Foundation. --- Netscape. --- NetworKing. --- Network Solutions. --- Network effect. --- Operating system. --- PSINet. --- Participant. --- Personal computer. --- Pricing. --- Privatization. --- Procurement. --- Programmer. --- Reputation. --- Requirement. --- Research and development. --- Retail. --- Server (computing). --- Shareware. --- Software. --- Standardization. --- Startup company. --- Stephen Wolff. --- Subsidy. --- Supply (economics). --- Technology. --- Telecommunication. --- Telephone company. --- Tim Berners-Lee. --- UUNET. --- Unix. --- Value chain. --- Vendor. --- Venture capital. --- Viral marketing. --- Web page. --- Website. --- Wi-Fi. --- Wide Variety. --- Windows 95. --- World Wide Web Consortium. --- World Wide Web. --- Writing.
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