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Countries with de jure floating exchange rate regimes are often reluctant to allow their currencies to float freely in practice. One reason why countries may wish to limit exchange rate volatility is potential negative balance sheet effects due to currency mismatches on the balance sheets of firms and households. In this paper, we show in a sample of 15 emerging market economies that countries with large foreign exchange (FX) debt in the non-financial private sector tend to react more strongly to exchange rate changes using both FX interventions and monetary policy. Thus, our results support the idea that an important source of “fear of floating” is balance sheet currency mismatches. This effect is asymmetric; that is, countries stem depreciation but not appreciation pressure. Moreover, FX debt financed through the domestic banking system is more important for fear of floating than FX debt obtained directly from external sources.

Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Banking --- Exchange rate adjustments --- Exchange rates --- Central bank policy rate --- Exchange rate policy --- Financial services --- Interest rates --- Colombia

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E-books --- Renewable energy sources --- Clean energy --- Biotechnology --- Economic aspects --- Sustainable development --- --Nordic countries --- --Country studies --- Development planning --- --Nordic contries --- --Renewable energy aspects --- Biomass energy --- --Policy aspects --- Rural development --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environmental aspects. --- Environmental aspects --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Green energy --- Power resources --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy

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This paper estimates the short-term and long-run price and income elasticity of Indian exports, and investigates the role of supply-side bottlenecks in shaping India’s export demand relationship. We use disaggregated export volume data for 45 Indian industries over the period 1990-2013, as well as industry-specific international relative prices, for estimation. Our results indicate that Indian exports are sensitive to international relative-price competitiveness, world demand, and energy shortages. In addition, binding supply-side constraints (notably energy shortages) dampen price responsiveness in the short-term.

Elasticity (Economics) -- India. --- Exports -- India. --- India -- Supply and demand. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- 'Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models' --- Industrialization --- Manufacturing and Service Industries --- Choice of Technology --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Trade: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- International economics --- Exports --- Export performance --- Price elasticity --- Personal income --- Export prices --- International trade --- Prices --- National accounts --- Income --- India

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The paper first describes how the Czech National Bank (CNB) moved gradually from a fixed exchange rate regime to the frontiers of Inflation-Forecast Targeting. It then focuses on the CNB’s recent experience in adding the exchange rate as a complementary monetary policy tool to stimulate the economy and combat the risks of deflation when the policy interest rate is at the zero lower bound. It assesses the theoretical basis of such a policy, the communications approach used by the CNB when announcing the new framework, and the effects thus far on inflation and output.

Economic development. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Monetary Policy --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Exchange rates --- Central bank policy rate --- Inflation targeting --- Prices --- Financial services --- Monetary policy --- Exchange rate policy --- Interest rates --- Banks and banking --- Czech Republic

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The twenty-first century has seen a further dramatic increase in the use of quantitative knowledge for governing social life after its explosion in the 1980s. Indicators and rankings play an increasing role in the way governmental and non-governmental organizations distribute attention, make decisions, and allocate scarce resources. Quantitative knowledge promises to be more objective and straightforward as well as more transparent and open for public debate than qualitative knowledge, thus producing more democratic decision-making. However, we know little about the social processes through which this knowledge is constituted nor its effects. Understanding how such numeric knowledge is produced and used is increasingly important as proliferating technologies of quantification alter modes of knowing in subtle and often unrecognized ways. This book explores the implications of the global multiplication of indicators as a specific technology of numeric knowledge production used in governance.

Social indicators --- Economic indicators --- Social policy --- Social planning --- Public administration --- Social Conditions --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Administration, Public --- Delivery of government services --- Government services, Delivery of --- Public management --- Public sector management --- Political science --- Administrative law --- Decentralization in government --- Local government --- Public officers --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Indicators, Social --- Social accounting --- Social prediction --- Statistical methods --- Social indicators. --- Economic indicators. --- Social policy. --- Statistical methods.