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"In January 2014 Pope Francis called the Internet a "gift from God." Months later former Secretary of Defense, Leon Panetta, described cyber warfare as "the most serious threat in the 21st century," capable of destroying our entire infrastructure and crippling the nation. Already, cyber warfare has impacted countries around the world: Estonia in 2007, Georgia in 2008, and Iran in 2010; and, as with other methods of war, cyber technology has the ability to be used not only on military forces and facilities, but on civilian targets.Our computers have become spies and tools for terrorism, and a have allowed for a new, unchecked method of war .And yet, cyber warfare is still in its infancy, with inumerable possibilities and contingencies for how such a war may play out in the coming decades. Cyber War Taboo?: The Evolution of Norms for Emerging-Technology Weapons, from Chemical Weapons to Cyber Warfare examines the international development of constraining norms for cyber warfare and predicts how those norms will unfold in the future. Using case studies for other emerging-technology weapons--chemical and biological weapons, strategic bombing, and nuclear weapons--author Brian Mazanec expands previous definitions of norm evolution theory and offers recommendations for citizens and U.S. policymakers and as they grapple with the impending reality of cyber war"--

Technological innovations --- Cyberterrorism --- Cyberspace operations (International law) --- Information warfare (International law) --- Criminal law --- International law --- Cyberwarfare (International law) --- War (International law) --- Law and legislation. --- Cyberspace operations (Military science) --- Cyber war (Military science) --- Cyberwar (Military science) --- Cyberspace warfare (Military science) --- Cyberwarfare (Military science) --- Offensive cyber operations (Military science) --- Military art and science --- Cyberwar in International law --- Technological innovations Law and legislation --- Law and legislation

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"In 2011, the United States government declared a cyber attack as equal to an act of war, punishable with conventional military means. Cyber operations, cyber crime, and other forms of cyber activities directed by one state against another are now considered part of the normal relations range of combat and conflict, and the rising fear of cyber conflict has brought about a reorientation of military affairs. What is the reality of this threat? Is it actual or inflated, fear or fact-based? Taking a bold stand against the mainstream wisdom, Valeriano and Maness argue that there is very little evidence that cyber war is, or is likely to become, a serious threat. Their claim is empirically grounded, involving a careful analysis of cyber incidents and disputes experienced by international states since 2001, and an examination of the processes leading to cyber conflict. As the authors convincingly show, cyber incidents are a little-used tactic, with low-level intensity and few to no long-term effects. As well, cyber incidents are motivated by the same dynamics that prompt regional conflicts. Based on this evidence, Valeriano and Maness lay out a set of policy recommendations for proper defense against cyber threats that is built on restraint and regionalism"--

Cyberspace operations (Military science) --- Cyberterrorism. --- Technology and international relations. --- Internet and international relatins. --- International relations and technology --- Technology and international affairs --- International relations --- Technology --- Attacks on computers --- Computer attacks --- Cyber attacks --- Cyber terrorism --- Cyber war --- Cyberwarfare --- Electronic terrorism (Cyberterrorism) --- Computer crimes --- Terrorism --- Cyber war (Military science) --- Cyberwar (Military science) --- Military art and science --- International cooperation --- Cyberspace warfare (Military science) --- Cyberwarfare (Military science) --- Offensive cyber operations (Military science) --- Cyberspace --- Teknologi --- Internationale relationer

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Cyber security is a constant, and, by all accounts growing, challenge. This report, the second in a multi-phase study on the future of cyber security, reveals perspectives and perceptions from chief information security officers; examines the development of network defense measures-and the countermeasures that attackers create to subvert those measures; and explores the role of software vulnerabilities and inherent weaknesses.

Computer security. --- Cyberspace -- Security measures. --- Electronic commerce -- Law and legislation. --- Computer networks --- Industries --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Telecommunications --- Security measures --- Government policy --- Cyberterrorism --- Prevention. --- Security measures. --- Computer network security --- Network security, Computer --- Security of computer networks --- Attacks on computers --- Computer attacks --- Cyber attacks --- Cyber terrorism --- Cyber war --- Cyberwarfare --- Computer privacy --- Computer system security --- Computer systems --- Computers --- Cyber security --- Cybersecurity --- Electronic digital computers --- Security of computer systems --- Protection of computer systems --- Protection --- Computer security --- Computer crimes --- Terrorism --- Data protection --- Security systems --- Hacking --- Electronic terrorism (Cyberterrorism)

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In 2011, Nasser Al-Awlaki, a terrorist on the US 'kill list' in Yemen, was targeted by the CIA. A week later, a military strike killed his son. The following year, the US Ambassador to Pakistan resigned, undermined by CIA-conducted drone strikes of which he had no knowledge or control. The demands of the new, borderless 'gray area' conflict have cast civilians and military into unaccustomed roles with inadequate legal underpinning. As the Department of Homeland Security defends against cyber threats and civilian contractors work in paramilitary roles abroad, the legal boundaries of war demand to be outlined. In this book, former Under Secretary of the Air Force Antonia Chayes examines these new 'gray areas' in counterinsurgency, counter-terrorism and cyber warfare. Her innovative solutions for role definition and transparency will establish new guidelines in a rapidly evolving military-legal environment.

Military law --- Terrorism --- Civil-military relations --- Asymmetric warfare --- Civil war --- Cyberspace operations (Military science) --- Military Law - U.S. --- Law - U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Armed Forces --- Law, Military --- Military administration --- National security --- Cyber war (Military science) --- Cyberwar (Military science) --- Cyberspace warfare (Military science) --- Cyberwarfare (Military science) --- Offensive cyber operations (Military science) --- Military art and science --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- Law and legislation --- Prevention --- Asymmetric warfare. --- Civil war. --- Military law - United States --- Terrorism - Prevention - Law and legislation - United States --- Civil-military relations - United States --- Asymmetric warfar

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The world in which we live is becoming ever more complex, both from the viewpoint of ensuring security, and also because of our level of dependence on technology, as represented by so-called critical infrastructure. Despite the efforts of national security entities in the national and international context, terrorist attacks will probably never be completely preventable. This makes it necessary to prepare the functioning of our systems for the occurrence of a terrorist attack so that they will operate quickly and effectively even in this type of crisis. This book presents the papers delivered

Computer networks --- Computer security --- Information networks --- Data protection --- Cyberterrorism --- Attacks on computers --- Computer attacks --- Cyber attacks --- Cyber terrorism --- Cyber war --- Cyberwarfare --- Electronic terrorism (Cyberterrorism) --- Computer crimes --- Terrorism --- Automated information networks --- Networks, Information --- Information services --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Security measures --- Prevention --- National security --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- International cooperation --- Distributed processing --- Government policy --- E-books