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Lord Byron described Greece as great, fallen, and immortal, a characterization more apt than he knew. Through most of its long history, Greece was poor. But in the classical era, Greece was densely populated and highly urbanized. Many surprisingly healthy Greeks lived in remarkably big houses and worked for high wages at specialized occupations. Middle-class spending drove sustained economic growth and classical wealth produced a stunning cultural efflorescence lasting hundreds of years. Why did Greece reach such heights in the classical period-and why only then? And how, after "the Greek miracle" had endured for centuries, did the Macedonians defeat the Greeks, seemingly bringing an end to their glory? Drawing on a massive body of newly available data and employing novel approaches to evidence, Josiah Ober offers a major new history of classical Greece and an unprecedented account of its rise and fall. Ober argues that Greece's rise was no miracle but rather the result of political breakthroughs and economic development. The extraordinary emergence of citizen-centered city-states transformed Greece into a society that defeated the mighty Persian Empire. Yet Philip and Alexander of Macedon were able to beat the Greeks in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, a victory made possible by the Macedonians' appropriation of Greek innovations. After Alexander's death, battle-hardened warlords fought ruthlessly over the remnants of his empire. But Greek cities remained populous and wealthy, their economy and culture surviving to be passed on to the Romans-and to us. A compelling narrative filled with uncanny modern parallels, this is a book for anyone interested in how great civilizations are born and die. This book is based on evidence available on a new interactive website. To learn more, please visit: http://polis.stanford.edu/.

Social change --- City-states --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- History --- History. --- Greece --- Civilization --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions

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Célébrées pour leurs idéaux politiques égalitaires, les cités grecques sont, de fait, des sociétés très hiérarchisées. Si les inégalités de genre et de fortune y sont anciennes, celle fondée sur le droit naît au VIe siècle avant J.-C, avec l'apparition de statuts personnels. L'essentiel du pouvoir et de la valeur sociale est alors accaparé par une minorité : les hommes citoyens fortunés. Face à eux, les autres groupes sociaux sont placés et pensés en position d'infériorité. Hommes et femmes, citoyens et étrangers, riches et pauvres, libres et esclaves se nourrissent, se logent, s'habillent, s'enterrent, se réunissent ou se distraient selon des modalités différentes. Les pratiques éducatives, les usages matrimoniaux ou le contrôle des naissances sont pensés par les élites comme autant de stratégies de reproduction.Mais si l'essentiel de la vie sociale s'organise au bénéfice des plus fortunés, la société n'est pas pour autant inerte. La possibilité de gravir l'échelle sociale existe bel et bien, qu'il s'agisse de s'enrichir ou d'accéder à un statut plus favorable. En cela, la cité est aussi un espace d'opportunités. Cet ouvrage est une invitation à pénétrer au coeur du jeu social qui anime la Grèce antique, cosmopolite, stratifiée et résolument dynamique.

Cities and towns, Ancient --- City-states --- Villes antiques --- Cités-Etats --- History. --- Histoire --- Greece --- Grèce --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Cités-États / Grèce / Aspect social --- Polis --- Grèce / Conditions sociales / Jusqu'à 146 av. J.-C. --- Public spaces --- Cities and towns --- Politics and government --- Cités-Etats --- Grèce --- Polis.

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The world of ancient Greece witnessed some of the most sophisticated and varied experiments with federalism in the pre-modern era. In the volatile interstate environment of Greece, federalism was a creative response to the challenge of establishing regional unity, while at the same time preserving a degree of local autonomy. To reconcile the forces of integration and independence, Greek federal states introduced, for example, the notion of proportional representation, the stratification of legal practice, and a federal grammar of festivals and cults. Federalism in Greek Antiquity provides the first comprehensive reassessment of the topic. It comprises detailed contributions on all federal states in Aegean Greece and its periphery. With every chapter written by a leading expert in the field, the book also incorporates thematic sections that place the topic in a broader historical and social-scientific context.

Federal government --- City-states --- Political culture --- Regionalism --- Fédéralisme --- Cités-Etats --- Culture politique --- Régionalisme --- History --- Political aspects --- Histoire --- Aspect politique --- Greece --- Grèce --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Political Theory of the State --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Culture --- Political science --- Cities and towns --- Municipal government --- State, The --- Division of powers --- Federal-provincial relations --- Federal-state relations --- Federal systems --- Federalism --- Central-local government relations --- Decentralization in government --- State governments --- Law and legislation --- E-books --- Powers, Division of --- Provincial-federal relations --- State-federal relations --- Fédéralisme --- Cités-Etats --- Régionalisme --- Grèce --- Grèce ancienne --- --Fédéralisme --- --Cité-État --- --Culture politique --- --Régionalisme --- --Aspects politiques --- --History --- Federal government - Greece - History - To 1500 --- City-states - Greece - History - To 1500 --- Political culture - Greece - History - To 1500 --- Regionalism - Political aspects - Greece - History - To 1500 --- Cité-État --- Aspects politiques --- Greece - Politics and government - To 146 B.C.

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"This volume brings together a series of papers reflecting a number of lectures given at the Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) in 2010-2012 in the frame of a seminar entitled 'La naissance des cités crétoises.' Eight Cretan sites (Axos, Phaistos, Prinias, Karphi, Dreros, Azoria, Praisos, and Itanos), recently excavated or re-excavated, are considered in their regional and historical context in order to explore the origin and early development of the Greek city-state on the island."--Back cover (page 4 of cover).

City-states --- Cities and towns --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- History --- Crete (Greece) --- Politics and government. --- Antiquities. --- Greece --- Congresses --- Politics and government --- Antiquities --- Urbanization --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Federal government --- Municipal government --- Political science --- State, The --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Cities and towns, Movement to --- Urban development --- Social history --- Sociology, Rural --- Urban policy --- Rural-urban migration --- Candia (Greece) --- Creta (Greece) --- Girit (Greece) --- Girit Adasi (Greece) --- Kirid (Greece) --- Krit (Greece) --- Kreta (Greece) --- Krētē (Greece) --- Kríti (Greece) --- Nísos Kríti (Greece) --- I Keretim (Greece) --- I Kritim (Greece) --- Periphereia Krētēs (Greece) --- Periféreia Krítis (Greece) --- Region of Crete (Greece) --- Crete