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Atmospheric aerosols : properties and climate impacts
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ISBN: 9789401796484 9789401796491 9789401796507 9789401778008 Year: 2015 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer

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This textbook aims to be a one stop shop for those interested in aerosols and their impact on the climate system. It starts with some fundamentals on atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric radiation and cloud physics, then goes into techniques used for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols, data assimilation, and discusses aerosol-radiation interactions, aerosol-cloud interactions and the multiple impacts of aerosols on the climate system. The book aims to engage those interested in aerosols and their impacts on the climate system: graduate and PhD students, but also post-doctorate fellows who are new to the field or would like to broaden their knowledge. The book includes exercises at the end of most chapters. Atmospheric aerosols are small (microscopic) particles in suspension in the atmosphere, which play multiple roles in the climate system. They interact with the energy budget through scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation. They also serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei with impacts on the formation, evolution and properties of clouds. Finally aerosols also interact with some biogeochemical cycles. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols are responsible for a cooling effect that has masked part of the warming due to the increased greenhouse effect since pre-industrial time. Natural aerosols also respond to climate changes as shown by observations of past climates and modelling of the future climate.


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WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality : Household Fuel Combustion
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ISBN: 9240693424 Year: 2015 Publisher: : World Health Organization,

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Given the mixed history of success with past intervention projects and programmes and the fact that the 2.8 billion people still relying on traditional solid fuels are the world's poorest 40% it is clear that securing a rapid transition to clean efficient and modern household energy systems for cooking heating lighting and other household uses will be challenging. The overall objective of these guidelines is to inform and support governments and their implementing partners to bring about this transition as quickly and equitably as is feasible. The guidelines focus on the following


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Current Air Quality Issues
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ISBN: 9535154087 9535121804 Year: 2015 Publisher: IntechOpen

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Air pollution is thus far one of the key environmental issues in urban areas. Comprehensive air quality plans are required to manage air pollution for a particular area. Consequently, air should be continuously sampled, monitored, and modeled to examine different action plans. Reviews and research papers describe air pollution in five main contexts: Monitoring, Modeling, Risk Assessment, Health, and Indoor Air Pollution. The book is recommended to experts interested in health and air pollution issues.


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Costs of selected policies to address air pollution in China
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ISBN: 9780833089335 0833089331 Year: 2015 Publisher: Santa Monica, California : RAND Corporation,

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Life Cycle Impact Assessment
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ISBN: 9401797447 Year: 2015 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.


Digital
Global Emission Inventory and Atmospheric Transport of Black Carbon : Evaluation of the Associated Exposure
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ISBN: 9783662464793 9783662464809 9783662464786 9783662515631 Year: 2015 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg Springer

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This thesis presents research focusing on the improvement of high-resolution global black carbon (BC) emission inventory and application in assessing the population exposure to ambient BC. A particular focus of the thesis is on the construction of a high-resolution (both spatial and sectorial) fuel consumption database, which is used to develop the emission inventory of black carbon. Above all, the author updates the global emission inventory of black carbon, a resource subsequently used to study the atmospheric transport of black carbon over Asia with the help of a high-resolution nested model. The thesis demonstrates that spatial bias in fuel consumption and BC emissions can be reduced by means of the sub-national disaggregation approach. Using the inventory and nested model, ambient BC concentrations can be better validated against observations. Lastly, it provides a complete uncertainty analysis of global black carbon emissions, and this uncertainty is taken into account in the atmospheric modeling, helping to better understand the role of black carbon in regional and global air pollution.


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Environmental methods for transport noise reduction
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Year: 2015 Publisher: Boca Raton, Fla CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group

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Costs of Ammonia Abatement and the Climate Co-Benefits
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ISBN: 9789401797221 9789401797238 9789401797214 9789402403909 Year: 2015 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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This book examines the costs involved in reducing ammonia emissions from agricultural practices as well as the potential benefits for climate change mitigation. It features contributions by experts in agricultural production processes, producers of agricultural equipment and service providers as well as scientists who assess the issue from an European perspective. Coverage examines all agricultural production stages starting from animal feed and housing, including the storage and application of liquid and solid manure and of mineral fertiliser. In addition, the book looks at the relationship between ammonia control and greenhouse gas emissions and details the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model for estimating costs and reducing ammonia emissions from agriculture. Examples and case studies from select European countries, including Italy, Switzerland, Russia, Ireland, and Spain, provide readers with detailed studies of ammonia abatement costs and the effectiveness of implementing control measures under different conditions. This book is the result of an Expert Workshop held under the auspices of the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and organised by the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN). The findings of this workshop have informed the development of documents supporting the revision of the Gothenburg Protocol and provided researchers and practitioners with vital new data. Bringing together a wealth of key information on the costs of ammonia abatement and the climate co-benefits, this monograph provides readers with deep insight into this complex issue.


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Homeowner's and renter's guide to mold cleanup after disasters.
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Year: 2015 Publisher: [Washington, D.C.] : [U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development?],

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Homeowner's and renter's guide to reducing lead hazards after disasters.
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Year: 2015 Publisher: [Washington, D.C.] : [U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development?],

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