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Among the huge historiographical production on medieval crusades, which mainly stresses on the part played by princes, aristocracy and military orders, the proceedings of the international congress held at the Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milano on 9-11 March 2011 focus on a original topic, which has not been yet enough enlightened : the importance of the popes and their delegates in the organization before departure and the conduct of the armies sent to deliver the Holy Land in the 12th and 13th centuries. The recent revival of the studies on the representation of the Supreme Pontiff has lead to reconsider the action of the papal governement in the crusades. 14 specialists throw here new lights on the clerks and prelates (cardinals, legates, nuncios, papal chaplain, etc.) who were commissioned by the popes to set up and to lead crusades, on their origins and careers, on their methods to preach and to collect taxes with teams of subdelegates that they had to supervise, on their diplomatical relations, on the obligations of their missions and their liberty to act, etc. Taking more into account papal delegates will help to understand better the complex inner history of the military pilgrims towards Jerusalem.

Crusades. --- Church history --- Middle Ages. --- Islamic Empire --- History --- Papauté --- Croisades --- Papacy --- 1054-1309 --- Congresses --- Legates [Papal ] --- 12th century --- 13th century --- Crusades --- 13th-15th century --- Papauté