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For centuries, scientists have been fascinated by the role of the Sun in the Earth's climate system. Recent discoveries, outlined in this book, have gradually unveiled a complex picture, in which our variable Sun affects the climate variability via a number of subtle pathways, the implications of which are only now becoming clear. This handbook provides the scientifically curious, from undergraduate students to policy makers with a complete and accessible panorama of our present understanding of the Sun-climate connection. 61 experts from different communities have contributed to it, which reflects the highly multidisciplinary nature of this topic. The handbook is organised as a mosaic of short chapters, each of which addresses a specific aspect, and can be read independently. The reader will learn about the assumptions, the data, the models, and the unknowns behind each mechanism by which solar variability may impact climate variability. None of these mechanisms can adequately explain global warming observed since the 1950s. However, several of them do impact climate variability, in particular on a regional level. This handbook aims at addressing these issues in a factual way, and thereby challenge the reader to sharpen his/her critical thinking in a debate that is frequently distorted by unfounded claims.

Climatic changes --- Global temperature changes --- Temperature changes, Global --- World temperature changes --- Global environmental change --- Atmospheric temperature --- Solar activity --- Effect of solar activity on

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"The Earth's climate system depends entirely on the Sun for its energy. Solar radiation warms the atmosphere and is fundamental to atmospheric composition, while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall. The Sun's Influence on Climate provides an unparalleled introduction to this vitally important relationship.This accessible primer covers the basic properties of the Earth's climate system, the structure and behavior of the Sun, and the absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. It explains how solar activity varies and how these variations affect the Earth's environment, from long-term paleoclimate effects to century timescales in the context of human-induced climate change, and from signals of the 11-year sunspot cycle to the impacts of solar emissions on space weather in our planet's upper atmosphere.Written by two of the leading authorities on the subject, The Sun's Influence on Climate is an essential primer for students and nonspecialists alike"--

Solar-terrestrial physics. --- Climatic changes --- Weather --- Solar activity --- Solar terrestrial interactions --- Solar-terrestrial relations --- Sun-Earth connection --- Terrestrial-solar relations --- Geophysics --- Effect of solar activity on. --- EUV. --- Earth. --- Sun. --- UV radiation. --- UV. --- X-ray wavelengths. --- atmosphere. --- atmospheric composition. --- average temperature. --- biological processes. --- biosphere. --- chemical processes. --- climate change. --- climate system. --- climate. --- coronal mass ejections. --- cryosphere. --- dendrochronology. --- energy source. --- global wind patterns. --- human activity. --- infrared. --- lower stratosphere. --- magnetic field. --- meteorological balloons. --- meteorological records. --- natural factors. --- paleoclimate. --- physical processes. --- proxy data. --- radiation budget. --- radiation. --- regression analysis. --- solar activity. --- solar atmosphere. --- solar corona. --- solar cycle. --- solar emissions. --- solar energy. --- solar heating. --- solar luminosity. --- solar magnetic field. --- solar radiation. --- solar wind. --- space environment. --- space weather. --- sunspots. --- surface temperature. --- temperature. --- temporal variation. --- weather variations.

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This volume presents the latest research results on solar prominences, including new developments on e.g. chirality, fine structure, magnetism, diagnostic tools and relevant solar plasma physics. In 1875 solar prominences, as seen out of the solar limb, were described by P.A. Secchi in his book Le Soleil as "gigantic pink or peach-flower coloured flames". The development of spectroscopy, coronagraphy and polarimetry brought tremendous observational advances in the twentieth century. The authors present and discuss exciting new challenges (resulting from observations made by space and ground-based telescopes in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century) concerning the diagnostics of prominences, their formation, their life time and their eruption along with their impact in the heliosphere (including the Earth). The book starts with a general introduction of the prominence “object” with some historical background on observations and instrumentation. In the next chapter, the various forms of prominences are described with a thorough attempt of classification. Their thermodynamic (and velocity) properties are then derived with emphasis on the methods (and their limits) used. This goes from the simplest optically thin case to the heavy radiative treatment of plasmas out of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The following chapters are devoted to the magnetic field measurements and indirect derivation. A new branch of diagnostic tools, the seismology, is presented along with some MHD basics. This allows to better understand the propagation of waves, the energy and force equilibria. Both small-scale and large-scale studies and their relationship are presented. The importance of the newly discovered cavities is stressed in the context of prominence destabilization. The issues of prominence formation and eruption, their connection with flares and Coronal Mass Ejections and their impact on the Earth are addressed on the basis of the latest results. Finally, an exciting new area of research is unveiled with the newly discovered evidence of similar manifestations in the Universe and their possible impact on the habitability of exoplanets. References to the basic physics (where necessary) are provided and the proposed web sites addresses will allow the reader to load exciting movies.The book is aimed at advanced students in astrophysics, post-graduates, solar physicists and more generally astrophysicists. Amateurs will enjoy the many new images which go with the text.

Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astrophysics. --- Physique --- Astrophysique --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Solar activity. --- Sun --- Prominences. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Solar radiation --- Stellar activity --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Space sciences. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science

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This thesis describes the essential features of Moon-plasma interactions with a particular emphasis on the Earth's magnetotail plasma regime from both observational and theoretical standpoints. The Moon lacks a dense atmosphere as well as a strong intrinsic magnetic field. As a result, its interactions with the ambient plasma are drastically different from solar-wind interactions with magnetized planets such as Earth. The Moon encounters a wide range of plasma regime from the relatively dense, cold, supersonic solar-wind plasma to the low-density, hot, subsonic plasma in the geomagnetic tail. In this book, the author presents a series of new observations from recent lunar missions (i.e., Kaguya, ARTEMIS, and Chandrayaan-1), demonstrating the importance of the electron gyro-scale dynamics, plasma of lunar origin, and hot plasma interactions with lunar magnetic anomalies. The similarity and difference between the Moon-plasma interactions in the geomagnetic tail and those in the solar wind are discussed throughout the thesis. The basic knowledge presented in this book can be applied to plasma interactions with airless bodies throughout the solar system and beyond.

Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Planetology. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Geography. --- Physical geography. --- Astrophysics. --- Géographie --- Géographie physique --- Planétologie --- Astrophysique --- Plasma astrophysics. --- Solar activity. --- Space plasmas. --- Plasmasphere --- Magnetotails --- Space plasmas --- Plasma astrophysics --- Lunar theory --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Astrophysical plasmas --- Plasmas, Astrophysical --- Cosmic plasmas --- Plasmas, Cosmic --- Plasmas, Space --- Earth sciences. --- Geophysics. --- Space sciences. --- Astrophysics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Cosmic physics --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Geography --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Moon --- Surface. --- Atmosphere --- Magnetic properties. --- Earth (Planet) --- Satellite