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John Buridan (d. circa 1360) was one of the most talented and influential philosophers of the later Middle Ages. He spent his career as a master in the Arts Faculty at the University of Paris, producing commentaries and independent treatises on logic, metaphysics, natural philosophy, and ethics. His Questions Commentary on the eight books of Aristotle's Physics is the most important witness to Buridan's teachings in the field of natural philosophy. The commentary was widely read during the later Middle Ages and the Renaissance. This volume presents the first critical edition of books I andamp; II of the final redaction of Buridan's Questions Commentary on the Physics . The critical edition of the Latin text is accompanied by a detailed guide to the contents of Buridan's questions.
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D'après la tradition, les Topiques et les Réfutations sophistiques sont les deux derniers traités de l'Organon, qui rassemble les ouvrages logiques d'Aristote. Les Topiques formalisent de manière fortement codifiée l'affrontement dialectique entre un questionneur et un répondant qui soutiennent des thèses opposées. Ce traité sert de ce fait, comme l'indique le Stagirite, à "l'entraînement intellectuel, aux contacts avec autrui, aux connaissances de caractère philosophique". Quant aux Réfutations sophistiques, elles s'en prennent aux arguments fallacieux avancés notamment par les sophistes, les identifient, les analysent et les renversent. Indispensables à l'équilibre interne de la "logique" aristotélicienne, ces deux traités sont au fondement de toute réflexion sur l'argumentation.
Logic --- Organon (Aristotle) --- Philosophy --- Logic, Ancient --- Aristotle
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Political science --- Aristotle. --- Thomas,
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Movement (Philosophy) --- Soul. --- Aristotle.
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Robert Kilwardby (d.1279) was an English scholar who lectured on logic and grammar at the University of Paris in the 1230s. His lectures earned him widespread fame in Europe. Throughout the thirteenth century and up to the sixteenth, Kilwardby's lectures on Aristotle's Prior Analytics were considered to contain the authoritative exposition of Aristotle's syllogistic logic. They were published at Venice in 1499.Written in the heady atmosphere of the early 1200s, when long-forgotten Aristotelian works were being rediscovered, Kilwardby's commentary is the work of a penetrating philosophical intellect intent not only on understanding Aristotle's logic but on pushing it to its limits. The present edition, in two volumes, contains the first critical edition of the lectures, together with an English translation. Part 1 contains an extensive introduction, placing Kilwardby's work within its historical context and demonstrating its importance both as an exposition of Aristotle's text and as an original contribution to philosophical logic. It also contains Lectures 1-38. Part 2 contains Lectures 39-77 and the comprehensive indexes.
Aristotle. --- Aristotle --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Logic --- Aristoteles, v384-v322
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Philoponus' On Aristotle Categories 1-5 discusses the nature of universals, preserving the views of Philoponus' teacher Ammonius, as well as presenting a Neoplatonist interpretation of Aristotle's Categories. Philoponus treats universals as concepts in the human mind produced by abstracting a form or nature from the material individual in which it has its being. The work is important for its own philosophical discussion and for the insight it sheds on its sources. For considerable portions, On Aristotle Categories 1-5 resembles the wording of an earlier commentary which declares itself to be an anonymous record taken from the seminars of Ammonius. Unlike much of Philoponus' later writing, this commentary does not disagree with either Aristotle or Ammonius, and suggests the possibility that Philoponus either had access to this earlier record or wrote it himself. This edition explores these questions of provenance, alongside the context, meaning and implications of Philoponus' work. The English translation is accompanied by an introduction, comprehensive commentary notes, bibliography, glossary of translated terms and a subject index. The latest volume in the Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, the edition makes this philosophical work accessible to a modern readership. Philoponus was a Christian writing in Greek in 6th century CE Alexandria, where some students of philosophy were bilingual in Syriac as well as Greek. In this Greek treatise translated from the surviving Syriac version, Philoponus discusses the logic of parts and wholes, and he illustrates the spread of the pagan and Christian philosophy of 6th century CE Greeks to other cultures, in this case to Syria. Philoponus, an expert on Aristotle's philosophy, had turned to theology and was applying his knowledge of Aristotle to disputes over the human and divine nature of Christ. Were there two natures and were they parts of a whole, as the Emperor Justinian proposed, or was there only one nature, as Philoponus claimed with the rebel minority, both human and divine? If there were two natures, were they parts like the ingredients in a chemical mixture? Philoponus attacks the idea. Such ingredients are not parts, because they each inter-penetrate the whole mixture. Moreover, he abandons his ingenious earlier attempts to support Aristotle's view of mixture by identifying ways in which such ingredients might be thought of as potentially preserved in a chemical mixture. Instead, Philoponus says that the ingredients are destroyed, unlike the human and divine in Christ. This English translation of Philoponus' treatise is the latest volume in the Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series and makes this philosophical work accessible to a modern readership. The translation in each volume is accompanied by an introduction, comprehensive commentary notes, bibliography, glossary of translated terms and a subject index.
Neoplatonism. --- Aristotle. --- Categoriae (Aristotle). --- Néo-platonisme --- Neoplatonism --- Aristotle --- Aristotle - Categoriae --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Early works to 1800.
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The Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Aristotle and the Poetics is an accessible guide to this often dense and cryptic work.
Aesthetics --- Poetry --- Aristotle --- Poetics --- History
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