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While many books examine specific wars, few study the history of war worldwide and from an evolutionary perspective. A Global History of War is one of the first works to focus not on the impact of war on civilizations, but rather on how civilizations impact the art and execution of war. World-renowned scholar Gérard Chaliand concentrates on the peoples and cultures who have determined how war is conducted and reveals the lasting historical consequences of combat, offering a unique picture of the major geopolitical and civilizational clashes that have rocked our common history and made us who we are today. Chaliand's questions provoke a new understanding of the development of armed conflict. How did the foremost non-European empires rise and fall? What critical role did the nomads of the Eurasian steppes and their descendants play? Chaliand illuminates the military cultures and martial traditions of the great Eurasian empires, including Turkey, China, Iran, and Mongolia. Based on fifteen years of research, this book provides a novel military and strategic perspective on the crises and conflicts that have shaped the current world order.

Strategy -- History. --- War -- History. --- War and civilization. --- War. --- Strategy --- War --- War and civilization --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Military Science - General --- Civilization and war --- Civilization --- History --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- International relations --- Military art and science --- ancient history. --- ancient mesopotamia history. --- armed conflict. --- china. --- civilization. --- combat. --- consequences of war. --- current world order. --- development of war tactics. --- diplomacy. --- empires. --- eurasian cultures. --- eurasian empires. --- evolutionary perspective. --- execution of war. --- fighting. --- geopolitical. --- global war. --- historical. --- history of war. --- history. --- impact of war. --- international war. --- iran. --- men at war. --- military culture. --- military strategy history. --- mongolia. --- peace talks. --- political. --- retrospective. --- turkey. --- war worldwide. --- war. --- warfare.

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This paper examines oversight issues that underlie the potential growth and risks in mobile payments. International experience suggests that financial authorities can develop effective oversight frameworks for new payment methods to safeguard public confidence and financial stability by establishing: (i) a clear legal regime; (ii) proportionate AML/CFT measures to prevent financial integrity risks; (iii) fund safeguarding measures such as insurance, similar guarantee schemes, or “pass through” deposit insurance; (iv) contingency plans for operational disruptions; and (v) risk controls and access criteria in payment systems. Such measures are particularly important for low-income countries where diffusion is becoming more widespread.

Mobile commerce --- Electronic funds transfers --- EFT (Electronic funds transfers) --- Electronic banking --- Electronic check clearing --- Electronic money systems --- Electronic payments systems --- Electronic transfer of funds --- Funds, Electronic transfers of --- Telebanking --- Transfers of funds, Electronic --- Electronic data interchange --- Electronic benefits transfers --- Home banking services --- M-business --- M-commerce --- Mobile business --- Mobile payments --- Electronic commerce --- Management. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Industries: Financial Services --- Criminology --- Consumer Protection --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- Computer applications in industry & technology --- Banking --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Finance --- Distributed ledgers --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Mobile banking --- Deposit insurance --- Payment systems --- Digital currencies --- Technology --- Financial markets --- Financial crises --- Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) --- Crime --- Banks and banking, Mobile --- Banks and banking --- Crisis management --- Clearinghouses --- Financial services industry --- Technological innovations --- Money laundering --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China

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This Basel Core Principles (BCP) for Effective Banking Supervision Detailed Assessment Report has been prepared in the context of the Financial Sector Assessment Program for the People’s Republic of China–Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) supervises a major international financial center which was affected, though not significantly so, by the financial crisis. The HKMA is maintaining its commitment to the international regulatory reform agenda and is an early adopter of many standards. Supervisory practices, standards, and approaches are well integrated, risk based and of very high quality. There is one area in relation to the overarching legislative framework and powers which warrants further attention. The HKMA enjoys clear de facto but not de jure operational independence. There are two important cross border dimensions for Hong Kong as an international financial center. One is related to HKSAR’s significant position as a host supervisor. The second is the increasing importance of Mainland China in the current portfolios and prospects of the locally incorporated institutions, and indeed in the choice of HKSAR as a platform for overseas institutions to establish relationships with Mainland China.

Competition -- China -- Hong Kong. --- Fiscal policy -- China -- Hong Kong. --- Foreign exchange -- China -- Hong Kong. --- Hong Kong (China) -- Economic conditions. --- International Monetary Fund -- China -- Hong Kong. --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- Taxation --- Money --- Banks and banking --- Labor market --- Hong Kong (China) --- Foreign economic relations. --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Supply and demand --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China) --- Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu (China) --- 香港特別行政區 (China) --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu --- 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 --- HKSAR (China) --- Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü (China) --- Xianggang (China) --- 香港 (China) --- Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu (China) --- Hong Kong S.A.R. (China) --- Markets --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Exchange --- Value --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Hong Kong --- Banks and Banking --- Public Finance --- Intelligence (AI) & Semantics --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Artificial intelligence --- Financial services law & regulation --- Management accounting & bookkeeping --- Market risk --- Credit risk --- External audit --- Technology --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Capital adequacy requirements --- Financial risk management --- Auditing --- Asset requirements --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China