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Conflict resolution, conflict management and conflict transformations are major themes in this unique book which examines, explores and analyses the mediation attempts of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The author shows the most striking characteristic of a protracted internal conflict such as this is its asymmetry and explains that, without meeting basic human needs like identity, recognition, security and participation, resolving any protracted social conflict is very difficult. The Armenian-Azerbaijani case demonstrates how official diplomacy may not be able to solve protracted internal conflicts as, without addressing the real causes of the problematic relationship, attempts at peace-making will always be sporadic and the space for mutual understanding and compromise shrinks. The author shows that conflict transformation has a particular salience in asymmetric conflicts such as this where the goal is to transform unjust relationships and where a high degree of polarisation between the disputants has taken root. Using the Nagorno-Karabakh case, this book focuses on the anatomy and causes of deadlock in negotiations and highlights the many difficulties in achieving a breakthrough.
Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 1988-1994 --- Azerbaijan --- Armenia (Republic) --- Peace --- Foreign relations --- Armenia (Republic)Peace --- Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 1988-1994 - Peace --- Azerbaijan - Foreign relations - Armenia (Republic) --- Armenia (Republic) - Foreign relations - Azerbaijan
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It was one of the worst episodes of the Nagorno-Karabakh war. For months, the townspeople of Khojaly, Azerbaijan, had endured nightly shelling by invading Armenian forces, which gradually surrounded the town. By 25 February 1992 all escape routes had been cut off. Armenian tanks, artillery and troops moved in, and so began the calculated finale to a crime against humanity. The inhabitants of Khojaly fled, wading across the freezing Gargar river and through the forested mountains. Emerging onto open land near the village of Nakhchivanik, they found none of the safety they'd hoped for, instead
Crime. --- Social justice. --- War crime trials. --- Soldiers. --- Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 1988-1994. --- Azerbaijan --- Armenia (Republic) --- Armenia (Republic) --- Azerbaijan. --- Relations --- Relations
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La juxtaposition des noms "Méditerranée" et "Arméniens" peut paraître artificielle quand on évalue sur une carte la distance entre 'Arménie, enclavée à l'est de l'Asie Mineure, sans façade maritime, n la Méditerranée. Pourtant, les relations entre ces deux entités ont été intenses durant plusieurs siècles. En effet, pour des raisons liées aux invasions turques en Asie Mineure et à l'arrivée des croisés au levant, il s'est créé au XIIe siècle en Cilicie, dans l'angle nord-est de a Méditerranée, face à l'île de Chypre, une principauté arménienne, officiellement érigée en 1198 en un royaume d'Arménie hors du territoire de l'Arménie historique. Ainsi muni d'une ample façade maritime, ce royaume eut d'étroits contacts tant avec les puissances commerçantes méditerranéennes, en particulier Venise et Gênes, qu'avec l'Orient latin frontalier. Il fournit au royaume latin de Jérusalem trois reines, dont les deux premières : il était dès lors logique d'organiser dans la Ville sainte un colloque international consacré aux divers aspects de cette "Méditerranée des arméniens". On y traita en juillet 2009 des rapports arméno-latins tu Levant, des relations du royaume avec l'ensemble de l'Orient chrétien, avec le monde musulman et avec les Mongols arrivés dans a région au mie siècle, sans oublier les intenses échanges artistiques n commerciaux. Après la chute de ce royaume, en 1375, une partie de la population arménienne se maintint en Cilicie, mais il y eut également un important flux migratoire dans diverses directions, en particulier vers les rivages aux mains des Génois, familiers des Arméniens, font la Crimée que l'on peut considérer comme un prolongement de a Cilicie arménienne.
Cilicia --- Armenia --- Mediterranean Region --- History --- Foreign relations --- Foreign Relations --- Arménie --- Méditerranée (région) --- Cilicie (Turquie) --- Moyen âge --- Actes de congrès. --- Cilicia - History - Armenian Kingdom, 1080-1375 - Congresses --- Armenia - History - Turkic Mongol Domination, 1045-1522 - Congresses --- Armenia - Foreign relations - Mediterranean Region - Congresses --- Mediterranean Region - Foreign Relations - Armenia - Congresses
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Caucasus --- Armenia --- Azerbaidjan --- Georgia --- Iran --- Russia --- Turkey --- endemic plants --- red lists --- endangered plants --- hotspots --- distribution maps
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Élève de Louis Havet, de Michel Bréal et de Ferdinand de Saussure, Antoine Meillet (1866-1936) peut être considéré comme le fondateur de l’école française de linguistique et le créateur de l’arménologie. Sorti premier de l’agrégation de grammaire à 23 ans, il a appris l’arménien classique à l’École des Hautes Études de la Sorbonne, puis chez les Pères Mékhitaristes de Vienne. Savante, littéraire et liturgique, cette langue morte depuis le XIe siècle est une source essentielle pour la philologie comparatiste indo-européenne à laquelle Meillet va consacrer sa vie, tout en formant à son tour Émile Benveniste, Marcel Cohen, Alfred Ernout et Joseph Vendryès (parmi d’autres). Meillet a 24 ans lorsqu’il part en mission de terrain de trois mois (mai-juillet 1891) en Arménie caucasienne. Il séjourne d’abord dans la communauté arménienne de Tiflis (Tbilissi, Géorgie) où il apprend l’arménien moderne, avant de se rendre à Erevan puis à Etchmiadzine et à Aschtarak, dans la plaine de l’Ararat, où il observe une langue en pleine effervescence, éclatée entre dialectes et soumise aux influences du persan, du russe, de l’arabe et du turc. Parallèle à son journal, on possède une abondante correspondante (29 avril - 3 août), naturelle et enjouée, avec sa cousine Berthe Esbaupin. Meillet renouvelle l’expérience douze ans plus tard (juillet-août 1903), pour étudier les manuscrits des Évangiles de la bibliothèque du couvent d’Etchmiadzine, toujours aussi ignorant – ou indifférent – aux menaces qui pèsent du côté turc sur le peuple arménien. Ce second journal de voyage est ici réédité par Anne-Marguerite Fryba-Reber. Dans ces journaux et cette correspondance, on découvre un Antoine Meillet paradoxal, peinant à apprendre et à parler l’arménien moderne, choqué par la vie rustique de ses hôtes, parlant du Caucase comme d’un « pays de sauvages » et rêvant « de beefsteak avec des pommes de terre frites ». L’ouvrage est complété par la reprise de l’article de Charles de Lamberterie sur la « loi de Meillet ».
Armenian language --- Philologists --- Meillet, A. - (Antoine), - 1866-1936 --- Armenia (Republic) --- Georgia (Republic)
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A number of highly informative books have been written about what is often called the "Armenian Genocide". This book, written by a political scientist, offers a different approach: It doesn’t concentrate on the past; it concentrates on the present, and shows how this past event is perceived and discussed today. The idea is that the arguments deployed in this debate, those which allege that what happened amounts to genocide and those which deny this claim reveal something about cognitive structures of present agents, such as the Turkish government, as well as about the meaning and use of the term "genocide". Analyzing current positions and communication on this historical event thereby helps to illuminate present notions of identity, justice and interethnic coexistence.
Social sciences (general) --- Sociology of culture --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Politics --- cultuur --- politiek --- sociale wetenschappen --- internationale betrekkingen --- Armenia --- Turkey
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The Armenian Apocalyptic Tradition: A Comparative Perspective comprises a collection of essays on apocalyptic literature in the Armenian tradition. This collection is unprecedented in its subject and scope and employs a comparative approach that situates the Armenian apocalyptic tradition within a broader context. The topics in this volume include the role of apocalyptic literature and apocalypticism in the conversion of the Armenians to Christianity, apocalyptic ideology and holy war, the significance of the Book of Daniel in Armenian thought, the reception of the Apocalypse of Ps.-Methodius in Armenian, the role of apocalyptic literature in political ideologies, and the expression of apocalypticism in the visual arts.
Apocalyptic literature --- Christian literature, Armenian --- Christian saints --- Apocalypse in literature --- Apocalypse in literature. --- Apocalyptic literature. --- Armenian literature. --- Civilization. --- History and criticism --- Armenia --- Asia --- Civilization --- 228 --- 229*231 --- 229*231 Apocalypse van Ezechiel --- Apocalypse van Ezechiel --- Apocalyps. Boek der Openbaring van Johannes. Apocalyptiek --- Saints --- Canonization --- Armenian Christian literature --- Armenian literature --- Literature, Apocalyptic --- Literature --- Hayasdan --- Hayastan --- Aĭastan --- Haykʻ Metskʻ --- Mets Haykʻ --- Greater Armenia --- Armenia (Republic)
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Islam --- History of Eastern Europe --- anno 1100-1199 --- anno 1200-1299 --- anno 1300-1399 --- anno 1000-1099 --- Armenia --- Armenians --- Armenians. --- International relations. --- History. --- Islamic Empire --- Asia --- Islamic Empire. --- Relations --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 700-799 --- anno 600-699 --- anno 800-1199 --- History --- Armenians - Islamic Empire - History --- Armenia - Relations - Islamic Empire --- Islamic Empire - Relations - Armenia
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The Armenian Church Synaxarion is a collection of saints' lives according to the day of the year on which each saint is celebrated. Part of the great and varied Armenian liturgical tradition from the turn of the first millennium, the first Armenian Church Synaxarion represented the logical culmination of a long and steady development of what is today called the cult of the saints. This volume, the first Armenian-English edition, is the first of a twelve-volume series—one for each month of the year—and is ideal for personal devotional use or as a valuable resource for anyone interested in religious saints.
Saints --- Christian saints --- Christian saints. --- Liturgics. --- Saints. --- Synaxarion. --- Januar. --- Armenian Church --- Armenian Church. --- Armenische Kirche. --- Liturgy --- Asia --- Saints - Armenia - Biography --- Christian saints - Biography --- Synaxaire --- Arménien
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This paper discusses Armenia’s Request for Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF). Performance under the 2010–2013 program, which was supported by arrangements under the EFF and Extended Credit Facility (ECF), was sound, with growth restored, large fiscal and external imbalances reduced, and buffers rebuilt. However, challenges remain, particularly in further reducing vulnerabilities and strengthening medium-term growth dynamics. Fiscal policy will support the growth recovery in 2014 by providing a modest stimulus, before moving to a gradual consolidation stance in 2015–2017. The IMF Staff supports the authorities’ request for an IMF-supported program.
Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Armenia --- Hayasdan --- Hayastan --- Aĭastan --- Haykʻ Metskʻ --- Mets Haykʻ --- Greater Armenia --- Armenia (Republic) --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Statistics --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Revenue administration --- Public debt --- External debt --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Revenue --- Debts, Public --- Debts, External --- Armenia, Republic of
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