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ISBN: 9782872232253 Year: 2014 Publisher: Brussels : PIANC,
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Year: 2014 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,
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This paper investigates the effect of carbon or gasoline taxes on commuting-related CO2 emissions in an urban context. To assess the impact of public transport on the efficiency of the tax, the paper investigates two exogenous scenarios using a dynamic urban model (NEDUM-2D) calibrated for the urban area of Paris: (i) a scenario with the current dense public transport infrastructure, and (ii) a scenario without. It is shown that the price elasticity of CO2 emissions is twice as high in the short run if public transport options exist. Reducing commuting-related emissions thus requires lower (and more acceptable) tax levels in the presence of dense public transportation. If the goal of a carbon or gasoline tax is to change behaviors and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions (not to raise revenues), then there is an incentive to increase the price elasticity through complementary policies such as public transport development. The emission elasticity also depends on the baseline scenario and is larger when population growth and income growth are high. In the longer run, elasticities are higher and similar in the scenarios with and without public transport, because of larger urban reconfiguration in the latter scenario. These results are policy relevant, especially for fast-growing cities in developing countries. Even for cities where emission reductions are not a priority today, there is an option value attached to a dense public transport network, since it makes it possible to reduce emissions at a lower cost in the future.
Carbon Taxes --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Environment --- Land Use-Transport Model --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Spatial Lock-In --- Transport --- Transport and Environment --- Transport Economics Policy and Planning --- Transport Infrastructure --- Urban Development --- Urban Form --- Urban Transport in Urban Areas
Book
ISBN: 9782889150687 2889150682 Year: 2014 Publisher: Lausanne : Italie : Presses politechniques et universitaires romandes, [fabricant non identifié],
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Le phénomène urbain a entamé une profonde mutation sous l'effet des potentiels de vitesse rendus possibles par les systèmes de transport et de communication à distance, et dont l'impact sur la société et ses territoires est considérable. Ces technologies ont été plébiscitées par la population, qui les utilise aujourd'hui de façon intensive. Cet ouvrage se propose d'explorer ce qui fait la persistance de la ville contemporaine à partir de la mobilité. Les acteurs individuels et collectifs sont doués de mobilité, ils déploient des compétences assez pointues et disposent d'aptitudes imaginatives pour s'approprier des systèmes techniques qu'ils mettent au profit de projets personnels ou collectifs, voire d'entreprise. L'ouvrage est volontairement fidèle à une posture dialectique entre développement théorique et mise en tension avec des données de recherches empiriques. Il contribue ainsi à alimenter les débats qui traversent actuellement la recherche sur les mobility studies, la gouvernance urbaine, l'exclusion sociale, le droit à la ville, la gentrification et l'étalement urbain. Retour sur la ville se termine par la proposition de dix thèses sur la ville et l'urbain.
Regional planning --- Urban sociology --- Sociology, Urban --- Aménagement du territoire --- Sociologie urbaine --- Infrastructure de transport --- Transport infrastructure --- transport --- Aménagement urbain --- urban planning --- Développement urbain --- urban development --- Migration urbaine --- Urban rural migration --- Population urbaine --- Urban population --- Communication --- Mouvement --- Movement --- urbanisme --- urbanism --- Développement durable --- Sustainable development --- Migrations intérieures --- Mobilité sociale --- Altermobilités --- Transport --- Urbanisme durable --- Attractivité (géographie) --- Migration, Internal --- Social mobility --- Choice of transportation --- Sustainable urban development --- Choix des modes --- Sociology, Urban. --- Aménagement du territoire --- Migrations intérieures. --- Mobilité sociale. --- Altermobilités. --- Urbanisme durable. --- Choix des modes. --- Altermobilités --- Migrations intérieures. --- Mobilité sociale. --- Attractivité (géographie) --- Motilité
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