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As a study of the greatest middle class party of Imperial Germany, The Splintered Party is inevitably, in its broadest aspect, an inquiry into the weaknesses of liberalism in the Empire of Bismarck and Wilhelm II. How did the National Liberals, the dominant force in the Reichstag of the 1870s, become by 1914 a spent and divided power? Professor White explores this question from a new perspective, emphasizing regional circumstances as primary agents of the party's decline. The resulting portrait underscores the paradox of the National Liberals: a party with strength in all areas of the Empire, a rarity before 1914, yet a party whose impact was undermined by divisions among its regional branches. In The Splintered Party the former Grand Duchy of Hessen serves as a testing ground where the regional foundations of National Liberalism can be exposed. As Professor White points out, the party's reversals on the Imperial plane after 1878--rejection by Bismarck, electoral defeats, internal splits--not only ended its early primacy in German affairs but also shifted political initiative from Berlin and the Reichstag delegation to the National Liberal branches in the states and provinces, which had maintained unity, power, and alliances with local government in spite of the upheaval above them. The consequences of this change become visible through close examination of the political and social structure in Hessen. On the regional level a liberalism based on the claim to majority representation by the notables (Honoratioren) of bourgeois society, a creed no longer plausible in national politics, remained defensible. Through the Heidelberg Declaration of 1884 the National Liberals of the German Southwest attempted to buttress this approach with an economic and social platform and, simultaneously, to make it the impulse of the national party's revival. But they succeeded only in deferring National Liberalism's adjustment to democratic politics and in subordinating their movement to the clash of regional and constituency interests. The result was a chronically splintered party. Against the backdrop of this main theme, White delineates several additional features of the changing political and social scene in Imperial Germany--the local power of the notables, Bismarck's skills as a political manager, the character of agrarian discontent and rural anti-Semitism, the steady advance of socialism. The uniquely German element in National Liberalism's failure is assessed in a concluding comparison with the development of liberal politics in Britain and Italy.

HISTORY / General. --- HISTORY / Modern / 19th Century. --- Nationalliberale Partei -- History. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / Political Parties.

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Grand strategy is one of the most widely used and abused concepts in the foreign policy lexicon. In this important book, Hal Brands explains why grand strategy is a concept that is so alluring-and so elusive-to those who make American statecraft. He explores what grand strategy is, why it is so essential, and why it is so hard to get right amid the turbulence of global affairs and the chaos of domestic politics. At a time when "grand strategy" is very much in vogue, Brands critically appraises just how feasible that endeavor really is.Brands takes a historical approach to this subject, examining how four presidential administrations, from that of Harry S. Truman to that of George W. Bush, sought to "do" grand strategy at key inflection points in the history of modern U.S. foreign policy. As examples ranging from the early Cold War to the Reagan years to the War on Terror demonstrate, grand strategy can be an immensely rewarding undertaking-but also one that is full of potential pitfalls on the long road between conception and implementation. Brands concludes by offering valuable suggestions for how American leaders might approach the challenges of grand strategy in the years to come.

International Studies. --- Political Science & Political History. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / History & Theory. --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 20th century --- 21st century

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Communism -- China. --- HISTORY / Asia / China. --- HISTORY / General. --- Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Ideologies / Communism, Post-Communism & Socialism.

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This book collects the work of Zhao Baoxu, a prominent scholar of political science, international political scientist and educator. It features more than 14 papers that fully explore the political thoughts of Professor Zhao, who was deeply rooted in his concern for China, its people and the world. Going through the vicissitudes in both the 20th and the 21st centuries, Mr. Zhao witnessed and experienced the twists and turns in the birth and development of political science in China. He also participated and promoted the restoration and advancement of contemporary political science in China. Roaming widely in the studies on social science, philosophy, politics, culture and international relations, he spared no effort to explore the political nature and development trend of human society and the path to rejuvenate China and lead the nation towards a high level of civilization. In addition, he ardently appealed for world peace and common development. Inside this book, readers will discover rich and profound political thoughts, intellectual treasures in the area of social culture and political science in China. Professor Zhao’s work offers scholars a unique insight into understanding and grasping the history and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Political science --- Philosophy. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Political theory. --- Political science. --- Political Theory. --- Political Science.

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Political science's pioneers in the American academy were, this book proposes, active agents of the Americanisation of liberalism, and the history of American political science offers a venue in which we see how a distinct current of mid-nineteenth-century European liberalism was divergently transformed into alternative twentieth-century American liberalisms.

Liberalism --- Political science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Human Rights --- History --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Political culture