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The Sahara-Sahel has seen recurrent episodes of instability. However, the recent Libyan and Malian crises have intensified the level of violence. These episodes have restructured the geopolitical and geographical dynamics of the region. Cross-border or regional, these contemporary crises require new institutional responses. How can countries sharing this space - Algeria, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Chad and Tunisia and all related states such as Nigeria - stabilize and develop? Historically, the Sahara plays an intermediary role between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Commercial and human exchanges are intense and based on social networks that now include trafficking. Understanding their structure, geographical and organizational mobility of criminal groups and migratory movements represents a strategic challenge. This book hopes to address this challenge and stimulate strategies for the Sahel of the European Union, the United Nations, the African Union or ECOWAS (Economic Community of the States of West Africa) in order to foster lasting peace. The Atlas is based on an analysis of mapped regional security issues and development objectives to open the necessary dialogue between regional and international organizations, governments, researchers and local stakeholders tracks.
Development --- Sahara --- Sahel
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Polemology --- Sahara --- Sahel
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The Sahara-Sahel has seen recurrent episodes of instability. However, the recent Libyan and Malian crises have intensified the level of violence. These episodes have restructured the geopolitical and geographical dynamics of the region. Cross-border or regional, these contemporary crises require new institutional responses. How can countries sharing this space - Algeria, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Chad and Tunisia and all related states such as Nigeria - stabilize and develop? Historically, the Sahara plays an intermediary role between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Commercial and human exchanges are intense and based on social networks that now include trafficking. Understanding their structure, geographical and organizational mobility of criminal groups and migratory movements represents a strategic challenge. This book hopes to address this challenge and stimulate strategies for the Sahel of the European Union, the United Nations, the African Union or ECOWAS (Economic Community of the States of West Africa) in order to foster lasting peace. The Atlas is based on an analysis of mapped regional security issues and development objectives to open the necessary dialogue between regional and international organizations, governments, researchers and local stakeholders tracks.
Economic geography --- Sahara --- Sahel --- Development
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During the West African Monsoon, convective systems generate the largest part of annual precipitation. We investigate their predictability by conducting high-resolution ensemble simulations with the COSMO model, focusing on the impact of the land surface. Are land-surface – atmosphere interactions in West Africa as important for precipitation forecasts as larger-scale conditions? What are the main physical processes?
soil moisture --- Bodenfeuchte --- COSMO --- numerische Wettervorhersage --- COSMOnumerical weather prediction --- Sahel --- AMMA
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Le 24 décembre 2007, quatre français, dont trois issus de la même famille, sont assassinés près de la ville d'Aleg, dans le sud-est de la Mauritanie. Cette attaque est le premier attentat anti-français commis dans la région du Sahel et sera à l'origine de l'annulation du "Paris-Dakar" en 2008 et de sa délocalisation en Amérique latine à partir de l'édition 2009. Après une longue traque à travers plusieurs pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest et à l'issue d'un procès sous haute surveillance, les auteurs présumés de la tuerie sont lourdement condamnés. Mais qui est le commanditaire de cette opération présentée par ses auteurs comme "un acte jihadiste" ? C'est l'algérien Mokhtar Belmokhtar, alors peu connu, si ce n'est des services de renseignement de quelques pays de la région. Qui est-il ? Comment cet homme, au départ un obscur combattant islamiste algérien parmi d'autres, est-il devenu au fil des années le plus célèbre chef jihadiste d'Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest ? Comment a-t-il réussi à s'implanter au Sahara ? Comment est-il parvenu à mener les plus spectaculaires opérations terroristes ? Ainsi il est responsable des enlèvements en janvier 2011 au plein centre de Niamey de deux jeunes Français, A. de Léocour et V. Delory, qui mourront lors de l'attaque contre leurs ravisseurs. C'est lui qui, en janvier 2013, à partir de ses bases dans la région de Gao, au Mali, a envoyé un commando pour prendre des dizaines d'otages sur l'immense site gazier d'In Amenas. Au Niger, en mai 2013, il est aux commandes du double attentat contre le site d'Areva à Arlit et contre une caserne militaire à Agadez. Grâce à des documents exceptionnels, comme les procès-verbaux d'enquêtes de police et d'auditions devant des juges, des témoignages inédits recueillis auprès de personnes ayant "fréquenté" Mokhtar Belmokhtar, ce livre est le premier qui dresse le portrait de cet homme qui se rêve comme le "Ben Laden du Sahara".
Terrorism --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Terrorists --- Terrorisme --- Intégrisme islamique --- Terroristes --- Biography --- Biographies --- Belmokhtar, Mokhtar, --- Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb --- Belmokhtar, Mokhtar --- Intégrisme islamique --- Terrorists - Algeria - Biography --- Islamic fundamentalism - Sahel --- Terrorism - Sahel
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