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Increasingly, European states are using policy on the reception of asylum seekers as an instrument of immigration control, eg by deterring the lodging of asylum applications, preventing integration into their societies and exercising a large degree of control over asylum seekers in order to facilitate expulsion. The European Union is currently engaged in a process of developing minimum conditions for the reception of asylum seekers, as part of a Common European Asylum System. This book critically examines the outcomes of the negotiation process on these minimum standards - Directive 2003/9/EC and Directive 2013/33/EU - in relation to international refugee law, international social security law and international human rights law. It presents a comprehensive analysis of state obligations that stem from these different fields of law with regard to asylum seekers' access to the labour market and social security benefits and compares them to the minimum standards developed in the European Union. To this end, it offers an in-depth study into the notion of non-discrimination on the basis of nationality in the field of social security and a detailed analysis of recent developments in the case law of the European Court on Human Rights on positive obligations in the socioeconomic sphere. It takes into account both the special characteristics of international legal obligations for states in the socioeconomic sphere and the legal consequences of the tentative legal status of asylum seekers. In addition, this book particularly examines how the instrumental use of social policy relates to international law
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"This text examines the meaning of the EU right to an effective remedy in terms of the legality and interpretation of the Procedures Directive in regard to several key aspects of asylum procedure."--Bloomsbury Publishing.
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"Addressing market demand for information on anonymous internet usage, this book discusses anonymous communication networks, networks through which its participants can communicate with each other without revealing identities. It addresses various anonymous communication networks as a solution to Internet privacy concerns and discusses their usefulness in browsing, email, e-banking and e-voting. The author presents a detailed discussion of the two main approaches to anonymous communication networks: onion routing and a mix network. The author also analyzes existing techniques and discusses new ideas on future improvements and directions"--
Internet --- Computer networks --- Privacy, Right of --- Data protection --- Online identities
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Emigration and immigration law --- Asylum, Right of --- Refugees
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Computers --- Data protection --- Privacy, Right of --- Access control
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Computers --- Data protection --- Privacy, Right of --- Access control
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Infomediaries --- Information services --- Privacy, Right of --- Government policy
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Computers --- Data protection --- Privacy, Right of --- Access control
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