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How does the language of legislative statutes affect judicial behavior? Scholars of the judiciary have rarely studied this question despite statutes being, theoretically, the primary opportunity for legislatures to ensure that those individuals who interpret the law will follow their preferences. In Checking the Courts, Kirk A. Randazzo and Richard W. Waterman offer a model that integrates ideological and legal factors through an empirical measure of statutory discretion. The model is tested across multiple judicial institutions, at both the federal and state levels, and reveals that judges are influenced by the levels of discretion afforded in the legislative statutes. In those cases where lawmakers have clear policy preferences, legislation encourages judges to strictly interpret the plain meaning of the law. Conversely, if policy preferences are unclear, legislation leaves open the possibility that judges will make decisions based on their own ideological policy preferences. Checking the Courts thus provides us with a better understanding of the dynamic interplay between law and ideology.

Judicial process --- Political questions and judicial power --- Constitutional law

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This book follows Tooley in his travels from the largest shanty town in Africa to the mountains of Gansu, China, and of the children, parents, teachers, and entrepreneurs who taught him that the poor are not waiting for educational handouts. They are building their own schools and learning to save themselves.

Civil rights --- Due process of law --- Political questions and judicial power --- Liberty --- Philosophy.

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Judicial review --- United States. --- United States. Supreme Court --- United States --- Political questions and judicial power --- Judicial review - United States --- Etats-Unis

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Campaign funds --- Financial disclosure --- Political action committees --- Corporate speech --- Political corruption --- Political questions and judicial power --- Citizens United --- Citizens United. --- Trials, litigation, etc. --- United States.

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"This book is about judicial reasoning in human rights cases. The aim is explore the question: how is it that notionally universal norms are reasoned by courts in such significantly different ways?"--Page i.

Human Rights --- Judicial opinions --- Proportionality in law --- Political questions and judicial power --- Human rights. --- Judicial opinions. --- Etats-Unis --- Royaume-Uni --- Afrique du Sud --- Australie --- Israël --- Belgique --- Canada --- France --- Allemagne --- Pays-Bas --- Grèce --- Hongrie --- Inde --- Irlande --- Portugal