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This text presents Freud's theory that man is unable to tolerate too much reality, and that dreams are the contraband representations of the beast within man which are smuggled into awareness during sleep. The analysis of dreams is the key to unlocking the vital secrets of the unconscious mind.

Dream interpretation -- Mediterranean Region -- History. --- Dream interpretation -- Middle East -- History. --- Omens -- Mediterranean Region -- History. --- Omens -- Middle East -- History.

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Depuis le XVIIIe siècle et jusqu’à aujourd’hui, la zone qui s’étend des Balkans à l’Afghanistan cristallise des tensions aussi bien internationales que propres à l’« Orient ». Ce sont ces tensions que Jacques Frémeaux analyse dans une synthèse innovante, en les replaçant dans le temps long.De la volonté de contrôle de la route des Indes à la convoitise des hydrocarbures qu’elle recèle, cette région n’a en effet cessé de faire l’objet d’affrontements entre lesgrandes puissances. Ce vaste espace, qui correspond presque exactement à l’antique empire d’Alexandre, a ainsi constitué, depuis l’entrée des flottes de la tsarine Catherine II en Méditerranée (1770), un champ disputé par la Russie et l’Angleterre, avant de se retrouver, après 1945, au cœur du conflit opposant la Russie et les États-Unis. Mais, d’ouest en est, ce sont surtout des peuples qui se succèdent, qui se cherchent et se déchirent entre les séductions de la modernité et le refus que lui oppose la tradition. L’« Orient », qui s’affirme toujours plus comme exclusivement musulman, devient alors un objet de fascination et de peur pour un « Occident » dominateur et manipulateur. Après le temps des empires (ottoman, persan et moghol des Indes) est venu celui des États-nations, souvent nés dans la douleur, comme Israël et le Pakistan. Mais aucun changement n’a mis fin au « grand jeu » géopolitique, jalonné d’épisodes majeurs, de l’occupation de l’Égypte par Bonaparte à la dernière guerre du Golfe, et dont de nouveaux chapitres s’écrivent sous nos yeux.

Geopolitics --- Géopolitique --- Middle East --- Moyen-Orient --- History --- Histoire --- Géopolitique --- Histoire. --- History. --- Geopolitics - Middle East. --- Middle East - History.

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"Why and how did Islam become such a political force in so many Muslim-majority countries ? In this book, Jocelyne Cesari investigates the relationship between modernization, politics, and Islam in Muslim-majority countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, Tunisia, and Turkey - countries that were founded by secular rulers and have since undergone secularized politics. Cesari argues that nation-building processes in these states have not created liberal democracies in the Western mold, but have instead spurred the politicization of Islam by turning it into a modern national ideology. Looking closely at examples of Islamic dominance in political modernization - for example, nationalization of Islamic institutions and personnel under state ministries; reliance on Islamic references in political discourse, religiously motivated social unrest, or violence; and internationalization of Islam-aligned political movements or conflicts - this study provides a unique overview of the historical and political developments from the end of World War II to the Arab Spring that have made Islam the dominant force in the construction of the modern states, and discusses Islam's impact on emerging democracies in the contemporary Middle East"--

Islam and politics --- Islam and state --- Democratization --- Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- History --- Political aspects --- Middle East --- Politics and government --- -History --- Middle East - Politics and government - 1945 --- -Islam and politics - Middle East - History - 20th century --- Islam and state - Middle East - History - 20th century --- Democratization - Middle East - History - 20th century --- -Islam and politics --- -Middle East --- Arab Spring, 2010-

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Islam --- Polemology --- anno 2010-2019 --- Middle East --- Terrorism --- Terrorists --- Jihad --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Islamic State --- Religious aspects --- History --- Terrorism - Religious aspects - Islam --- Terrorists - Middle East --- Terrorists - Islamic countries --- Islamic fundamentalism - Middle East --- Middle East - History - 21st century

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The Western world stereotypically associates Ottoman or 'Turkish' prisons with images of torture, narcotics and brutal sexual behaviour. Now, Kent F. Schull argues that these prisons were actually a site of immense reform and contestation during the 19th century. It was within these prisons' walls that many of the pressing questions of Ottoman modernity were worked out; questions of administrative centralisation, Islamic criminal law and punishment, gender and childhood, prisoner rehabilitation, bureaucracy, identity and social engineering. By juxtaposing them with the reality of prison life, Schull investigates how state-mandated reforms affected the lives of local prison officials and inmates. He shows how these individuals actively conformed to, contested and manipulated new penal policies and practices for their own benefit.

Prisons --- History --- Dungeons --- Gaols --- Penitentiaries --- Correctional institutions --- Imprisonment --- Prison-industrial complex --- Prisons - Turkey - History - 20th century --- Prisons - Turkey - History - 19th century --- civilisation --- penal reform --- Ottoman Empire --- Ottoman prisons --- Turkish prisons --- Middle East history --- defensive modernisation --- Istanbul --- Sharia