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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a pathology affecting the central part of the retina, called the macula, region which is necessary for color vision, reading and central visual field. This disease affecting many people over 50 in western countries can /ead to blindness if not treated. We distinguish dry AMD from wet AMD, the first one being characterized by deposits called drusen between the retinal pigment epithe/ium and Bruch's membrane. The dryform also cal/ed atrophie represents 90% of AMD whose development can be slowed down by controlling certain risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hypertension and improving eating habits. AREDS study has shown benefits of micronutrient such as vitamins C and E, copper, zinc, omega 3 fatty acids, /utein and zeaxanthin . The lessfrequent damp or wet form, affecting on/y 15% of the population with AMD is much more aggressive causing 90% of blindness. It is characterized by the development of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium inducing leakage of fluids and blood leading to a rapidloss of central vision accompanied by metamorphopsia.Various treatments have targeted VEGF essential for angiogenesis. However, these treatments represent a significant hit in terms of public heath. New targets and treatments are being evaluated and may be able to open new doors in terms of pharmacological treatments. La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge ou DMLA est une pathologie qui affecte la partie centrale de la rétine, la macula, région nécessaire à la perception des couleurs, la lecture et le champ visuel central. Il s'agit d'une pathologie affectant un grand nombre de personnes au-delà de 50 ans dans les pays occidentaux pouvant mener à la cécité lorsqu'elle n 'est pas traitée. On distingue la DMLA sèche de la DMLA humide. La première se caractérise par une accumulation de dépôts appelés drusens entre l'épithélium pigmentaire rétinien et la membrane de Bruch. Cette forme sèche encore appelée atrophique représente 90% des DMLA dont l'évolution ne peut être ralentie que par le contrôle de certains facteurs de risques tels que le tabagisme, l'obésité, l'hypertension artérielle et l'intervention sur les habitudes alimentaires. L'étude AREDS a démontré les bienfaits de la micronutrition et en particulier des micronutriments (vitamines C et E, cuivre, zinc, acides gras oméga 3, lutéine et zéaxanthine). La forme humide ou exsudative est moins fréquente, elle touche seulement 15% de la population atteinte de DMLA . Cette forme est beaucoup plus agressive, causant 90% de cécité chez les personnes atteintes. Elle se caractérise par la formation de nouveaux vaisseaux sanguins ou angiogenèse au niveau de l'épithélium pigmentaire rétinien induisant une fuite de fluides et de sang ayant comme conséquence une perte rapide de la vision centrale accompagnée de métamorphopsies. Il existe différents traitements inhibant les facteurs de croissance endothéliaux vasculaires ou VEGF, indispensables à l'angiogenèse. Cependant ces traitements représentent un coût non négligeable en terme de santé publique. De nouvelles cibles et moyens thérapeutiques sont en cours d'étude et pourront peut-être ouvrir de nouvelles portes en matière de traitements pharmacologiques.

Macular Degeneration --- Macular Degeneration, Age-Related

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Our understanding of visual perception and visual cognition has advanced considerably over the last decades. The effects of ageing on visual perception and visual cognition are less well understood. This Research Topic features state-of-the-art approaches to determining the effects of ageing on visual perception, visual attention, visual memory and visually guided behaviour. Studies using methods that incorporate psychophysics, eye movements, electrophysiology, structural and functional neuroimaging, as well as computational modelling are included. In addition to the focus on how ageing effects normal vision, the topic also includes studies on the effects of pathological ageing in the retina (e.g., age-related macular degeneration) and the brain (e.g., neurodegenerative disorders) on vision and visual cognition.

Visual perception. --- Aging. --- functional MRI --- Ageing --- Vision --- central scotoma --- Mild Cognitive Impairment --- age-related macular degeneration --- Alzheimer's disease --- visual cognition --- functional MRI --- Ageing --- Vision --- central scotoma --- Mild Cognitive Impairment --- age-related macular degeneration --- Alzheimer's disease --- visual cognition

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Our understanding of visual perception and visual cognition has advanced considerably over the last decades. The effects of ageing on visual perception and visual cognition are less well understood. This Research Topic features state-of-the-art approaches to determining the effects of ageing on visual perception, visual attention, visual memory and visually guided behaviour. Studies using methods that incorporate psychophysics, eye movements, electrophysiology, structural and functional neuroimaging, as well as computational modelling are included. In addition to the focus on how ageing effects normal vision, the topic also includes studies on the effects of pathological ageing in the retina (e.g., age-related macular degeneration) and the brain (e.g., neurodegenerative disorders) on vision and visual cognition.

Visual perception. --- Aging. --- functional MRI --- Ageing --- Vision --- central scotoma --- Mild Cognitive Impairment --- age-related macular degeneration --- Alzheimer's disease --- visual cognition

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