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This review analyses the energy policy challenges facing Luxembourg and provides recommendations for each sector. It is intended to help guide the country towards a more secure and sustainable energy future and the development of its 2030 energy strategy. It finds that since 2008, Luxembourg’s energy policy has focused on mitigating CO2 emissions in transport and industry and on supporting renewable energies and energy efficiency towards 2020. Luxembourg’s greenhouse gas emissions have stabilised as energy-intensive industries have scaled back their activities and the government put strong energy efficiency policies in place, notably for buildings. Since 2009, the country’s research and development (R&D) policies have promoted eco-innovation and clean energy technologies. In 2012, government spending on energy R&D as a ratio of gross domestic product was the highest among IEA members. Luxembourg is creating a national platform for smart meters and electric vehicles, the first of its kind country-wide roll out. Nonetheless, Luxembourg faces several energy challenges. Oil consumption in transport is rising because of growing road fuel sales, largely the result of tax differences to neighbouring countries. This increases Luxembourg’s emissions and its oil stockholding needs. Because the country imports all of its energy needs, energy security is a priority. Luxembourg has sought to address this through greater regional integration such as merging its gas market with Belgium and increasing its electricity interconnection with France and Belgium. Yet the benefits of regional integration of wholesale energy markets have not yet translated to retail markets. Moreover, as regional electricity trade grows and neighbouring countries introduce ambitious decarbonisation policies and capacity markets, Luxembourg will need to define its priorities for an energy strategy through 2030.

Energy --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Luxembourg --- Energy policy --- Power resources --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Natural resources --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Energy and state --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- Government policy --- Archddugiaeth Lwcsembwrg --- Ard-Diúcacht Lucsamburg --- Ard-Diucaght Lucsemburg --- Dukasut ha-gedolah shel Luḳsemburg --- Gran Ducado de Luxemburgo --- Gran Ducat de Luxemburg --- Gran Ducato de Luxemburgo --- Gran Ducáu de Luxemburgu --- Grand-Duché de Luxembourg --- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg --- Grandduklando Luksemburgo --- Granducato di Lussemburgo --- Granducatu di Lussemburgu --- Granduchê ed Lussembûrgh --- Grant-Duchâ de Luxembôrg --- Groothertogdom Luxemburg --- Grossherzogtum Luxemburg --- Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg --- Gruthartochdom Lúksemboarch --- Keharyapatihan Luksemburg --- Látsębooʼ --- Lëtzebuerg --- Letzeburg --- Li︠u︡ksemburg --- Li︠u︡ksemburh --- Louxemvourgo --- Lù-sêm-pó --- Lucembursko --- Lucsambourg --- Lucsamburg --- Lucsemburg --- Luhemburgo --- Lukemapuka --- Lúksemboarch --- Luksèmburg --- Luksemburgi Suurhertsogiriik --- Luksemburgo --- Lüksemburq --- Luksemburŭkʻŭ --- Lūksumbūrigh --- Lussembulgu --- Lussemburc --- Lussembûrgh --- Lussemburgo --- Lussemburgu --- Luxembôrg --- Luxemburg --- Luxemburgia --- Luxemburgo --- Luxemburgu --- Luxenburgo --- Luxenburgoko Dukerri Handia --- Lwcsembwrg --- Mega Doukato tou Louxemvourgou --- Rukusenburugu --- Rukusenburuku --- Stórhertogadæmið Lúxemborg --- Storhertugdømmet Luxembourg --- Veliko vojvodstvo Luksemburg --- Velkovévodství lucemburské --- Wielkie Księstwo Luksemburga --- Μέγα Δουκάτο του Λουξεμβούργου --- Λουξεμβούργο --- Люксембург --- לוקסמבורג --- הדוכסות הגדולה של לוקסמבורג --- لوكسمبورغ --- ルクセンブルク --- ルクセンブルグ --- 룩셈부르크

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This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that with a strong policy framework, Luxembourg has weathered the crisis well and the economy is rebounding. The fiscal position remains sound, and the large financial sector has been resilient. After a shallow recession in 2012, growth reached 2.1 percent in 2013. The improving economic and financial environment in Europe drove the recovery in services exports. The outlook is for growth to firm up but without returning to its pre-crisis trend. Output is forecast to grow broadly in line with potential (2 to 2½ percent) during 2014–2019.

Finance --- Fiscal policy --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Government policy --- Luxembourg --- Archddugiaeth Lwcsembwrg --- Ard-Diúcacht Lucsamburg --- Ard-Diucaght Lucsemburg --- Dukasut ha-gedolah shel Luḳsemburg --- Gran Ducado de Luxemburgo --- Gran Ducat de Luxemburg --- Gran Ducato de Luxemburgo --- Gran Ducáu de Luxemburgu --- Grand-Duché de Luxembourg --- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg --- Grandduklando Luksemburgo --- Granducato di Lussemburgo --- Granducatu di Lussemburgu --- Granduchê ed Lussembûrgh --- Grant-Duchâ de Luxembôrg --- Groothertogdom Luxemburg --- Grossherzogtum Luxemburg --- Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg --- Gruthartochdom Lúksemboarch --- Keharyapatihan Luksemburg --- Látsębooʼ --- Lëtzebuerg --- Letzeburg --- Li︠u︡ksemburg --- Li︠u︡ksemburh --- Louxemvourgo --- Lù-sêm-pó --- Lucembursko --- Lucsambourg --- Lucsamburg --- Lucsemburg --- Luhemburgo --- Lukemapuka --- Lúksemboarch --- Luksèmburg --- Luksemburgi Suurhertsogiriik --- Luksemburgo --- Lüksemburq --- Luksemburŭkʻŭ --- Lūksumbūrigh --- Lussembulgu --- Lussemburc --- Lussembûrgh --- Lussemburgo --- Lussemburgu --- Luxembôrg --- Luxemburg --- Luxemburgia --- Luxemburgo --- Luxemburgu --- Luxenburgo --- Luxenburgoko Dukerri Handia --- Lwcsembwrg --- Mega Doukato tou Louxemvourgou --- Rukusenburugu --- Rukusenburuku --- Stórhertogadæmið Lúxemborg --- Storhertugdømmet Luxembourg --- Veliko vojvodstvo Luksemburg --- Velkovévodství lucemburské --- Wielkie Księstwo Luksemburga --- Μέγα Δουκάτο του Λουξεμβούργου --- Λουξεμβούργο --- Люксембург --- לוקסמבורג --- הדוכסות הגדולה של לוקסמבורג --- لوكسمبورغ --- ルクセンブルク --- ルクセンブルグ --- 룩셈부르크 --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Production and Operations Management --- Financial Risk Management --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Labour --- income economics --- Financial sector --- Public debt --- Fiscal stance --- Output gap --- Economic sectors --- Expenditure --- Labor --- Financial services industry --- Banks and banking --- Debts, Public --- Production --- Economic theory --- Expenditures, Public --- Labor economics --- Income economics