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This book explains how to create opto-electronic systems in a most efficient way, avoiding typical mistakes. It covers light detection techniques, imaging, interferometry, spectroscopy, modulation-demodulation, heterodyning, beam steering, and many other topics common to laboratory applications. The focus is made on self-explanatory figures rather than on words. The book guides the reader through the entire process of creating problem-specific opto-electronic systems, starting from optical source, through beam transportation optical arrangement, to photodetector and data acquisition system. The relevant basics of beam propagation and computer-based raytracing routines are also explained, and sample codes are listed. the book teaches important know-how and practical tricks that are never disclosed in scientific publications.  The book can become the reader's personal adviser in the world of opto-electronics and navigator in the ocean of the market of optical components and systems. Succinct, well-illustrated, and clearly written, this book is helpful for students, postgraduates, engineers and researches working not only in the field of applied optics but also in high-tech industry, information technology, medicine, biology and other domains.

Optoelectronics --- Electronics --- Photonics --- Microwaves. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optical engineering. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Light --- Mechanical engineering --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators

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This book deals with the design and analysis of fractal apertures in waveguides, conducting screens and cavities using numerical electromagnetics and field-solvers. The aim is to obtain design solutions with improved accuracy for a wide range of applications. To achieve this goal, a few diverse problems are considered. The book is organized with adequate space dedicated for the design and analysis of fractal apertures in waveguides, conducting screens, and cavities, microwave/millimeter wave applications followed by detailed case-study problems to infuse better insight and understanding of the subject. Finally, summaries and suggestions are given for future work. Fractal geometries were widely used in electromagnetics, specifically for antennas and frequency selective surfaces (FSS). The self-similarity of fractal geometry gives rise to a multiband response, whereas the  space-filling nature of the fractal geometries makes it an efficient element in antenna and FSS unit cell miniaturization. Until now, no efforts were made to study the behavior of these fractal geometries for aperture coupling problems. The aperture coupling problem is an important boundary value problem in electromagnetics and used in waveguide filters and power dividers, slotted ground planes, frequency selective surfaces and metamaterials. The present book is intended to initiate a study of the characteristics of fractal apertures in waveguides, conducting screens and cavities. To perform a unified analysis of these entirely dissimilar problems, the “generalized network formulation of the aperture problems” by Mautz and Harrington was extended to multiple-aperture geometry. The authors consider the problem of coupling between two arbitrary regions coupled together via multiple apertures of arbitrary shape. MATLAB codes were developed for the problems and validated with the results available in the literature as well as through simulations on ANSOFT's HFSS.

Fractals. --- Wave guides. --- Microwaves. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optical engineering. --- Mechanical engineering --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Light

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This textbook originates from a lecture course in laser physics at the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). A main goal in the conception of this textbook was to describe the fundamentals of lasers in a uniform and especially lab-oriented notation and formulation as well as many currently well-known laser types, becoming more and more important in the future. It closes a gap between the measureable spectroscopic quantities and the whole theoretical description and modeling. This textbook contains not only the fundamentals and the context of laser physics in a mathematical and methodical approach important for university-level studies. It allows simultaneously, owing to its conception and its modern notation, to directly implement and use the learned matter in the practical lab work. It is presented in a format suitable for everybody who wants not only to understand the fundamentals of lasers but also use modern lasers or even develop and make laser setups. This book tries to limit prerequisite knowledge and fundamental understanding to a minimum and is intended for students in physics, chemistry and mathematics after a bachelor degree, with the intention to create as much joy and interest as seen among the participants of the corresponding lectures. This university textbook describes in its first three chapters the fundamentals of lasers: light-matter interaction, the amplifying laser medium and the laser resonator. In the fourth chapter, pulse generation and related techniques are presented. The fifth chapter gives a closing overview on different laser types gaining importance currently and in the future. It also contains a set of examples on which the theory learned in the first four chapters is applied and extended.

Lasers. --- Semiconductors. --- Electrical engineering. --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Materials --- Computer engineering. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Computers --- Design and construction --- Photonics. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Light --- New optics --- Optics

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The propagation of light in 'dense media' where dipole-dipole interactions play a role is a fundamental topic that was first studied in the work of Clausius, Mossotti, Lorenz and Lorentz in the latter half of the nineteenth century. However, until recently there remained some areas of controversy: for example, whereas the Lorentz model for a gas predicts a resonance shift, a discrete dipole model does not. This thesis makes the first combined measurement of both the Lorentz shift and the associated collective Lamb shift. This clear experimental result stimulated new theoretical work that has significantly advanced our understanding of light propagation in interacting media.

Quantum optics. --- Light. --- Atoms. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Electromagnetic waves --- Light sources --- Spectrum analysis --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Constitution --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Physics. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- New optics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Light

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The development of coherent radiation sources for sub-angstrom wavelengths - i.e. in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray range -  is a challenging goal of modern physics. The availability of such sources will have many applications in basic science, technology and medicine, and, in particular, they may have a revolutionary impact on nuclear and solid state physics, as well as on the life sciences. The present state-of-the-art lasers are capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation from the infrared to the ultraviolet, while free electron lasers (X-FELs) are now entering the soft X-ray region. Moving further, i.e. into the hard X and/or gamma ray band, however, is not possible without new approaches and technologies.   In this book we introduce and discuss one such novel approach -the radiation formed in a Crystalline Undulator - whereby electromagnetic radiation is generated by a bunch of ultra-relativistic particles channeling through a periodically bent crystalline structure. Under certain conditions, such a device can emit intensive spontaneous monochromatic radiation and even reach the coherence of laser light sources.   Readers will be presented with the underlying fundamental physics and be familiarized with the theoretical, experimental and technological advances made during the last one and a half decades in exploring the various features of investigations into crystalline undulators. This research draws upon knowledge from many research fields - such as materials science, beam physics, the physics of radiation, solid state physics and acoustics, to name but a few.  Accordingly, much care has been taken by the authors to make the book as self-contained as possible in this respect, so as to also provide a useful  introduction to this emerging field to a broad readership of researchers and scientist with various backgrounds. This new edition has been revised and extended to take recent developments in the field into account. .

Electromagnetic waves --- Crystallography --- Diffraction. --- Data processing. --- Physics. --- Particle acceleration. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Diffraction --- Crystallography. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Acceleration --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Physics --- Light --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Dynamics