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Scientific advances and economic forces have converged to create something unthinkable for much of human history: a robust market in human body products. Every year, countless Americans supply blood, sperm, and breast milk to "banks" that store these products for later use by strangers in routine medical procedures. These exchanges entail complicated questions. Which body products are donated and which sold? Who gives and who receives? And, in the end, who profits? In this eye-opening study, Kara Swanson traces the history of body banks from the nineteenth-century experiments that discovered therapeutic uses for body products to twenty-first-century websites that facilitate a thriving global exchange. More than a metaphor, the "bank" has shaped ongoing controversies over body products as either marketable commodities or gifts donated to help others. A physician, Dr. Bernard Fantus, proposed a "bank" in 1937 to make blood available to all patients. Yet the bank metaphor labeled blood as something to be commercially bought and sold, not communally shared. As blood banks became a fixture of medicine after World War II, American doctors made them a frontline in their war against socialized medicine. The profit-making connotations of the "bank" reinforced a market-based understanding of supply and distribution, with unexpected consequences for all body products, from human eggs to kidneys. Ultimately, the bank metaphor straitjacketed legal codes and reinforced inequalities in medical care. By exploring its past, Banking on the Body charts the path to a more efficient and less exploitative distribution of the human body's life-giving potential.

Biological Specimen Banks --- Blood banks --- Breast milk --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- History, 21st Century --- Kommerzialisierung. --- Körperflüssigkeit. --- Metaphor --- Sperm banks --- History. --- legislation & jurisprudence --- Economic aspects --- Collection and preservation --- USA. --- Semen banks --- Banked blood --- Blood transfusion service --- Blood transfusion services --- Germplasm resources, Animal --- Tissue banks --- Blood --- Bloodmobiles --- Transfusion --- Transportation --- 21st Cent. History (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. History of Medicine --- 21st Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 21st Century --- History of Medicine, 21st Cent. --- History, Twenty-first Century --- Medical History, 21st Cent. --- Medicine, 21st Cent. --- 21st Century History --- 21st Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. Medicines --- 21st Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 21st --- Cent. Medicines, 21st --- Century Histories, 21st --- Century Histories, Twenty-first --- Century History, 21st --- Century History, Twenty-first --- Histories, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 21st Century --- Histories, Twenty-first Century --- History, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- History, Twenty first Century --- Medicines, 21st Cent. --- Twenty-first Century Histories --- Twenty-first Century History --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Metaphors --- Breastmilk --- Human milk --- Milk, Human --- Mother's milk --- Milk --- Lactation --- History --- Collection and preservation&delete& --- history --- United States.

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" ... Explores developments in health and social care in Ireland and Britain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The central objectives are to highlight the role of voluntarism in healthcare, to examine healthcare in local and regional contexts, and to provide comparative perspectives."--Back cover.

Medical care --- Health Services --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- Hospitals, Voluntary --- Religion and Medicine --- Social Welfare --- Medicine and Religion --- Parish Nursing --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Public health --- History --- history --- Ireland. --- United Kingdom. --- Great Britain --- Isle of Man --- Eire --- Ireland, Republic of --- Irish Free State --- E-books --- Religiosity Coping --- Spiritual Coping --- Coping, Religiosity --- Coping, Spiritual --- Religiosity Copings

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Physical, sensory, and mental impairments can influence an individual's status in society as much as the more familiar categories of gender, class, religion, race, and ethnicity. This was especially true of the early modern Arab Ottoman world, where being judged able or disabled impacted every aspect of a person's life, including performance of religious ritual, marriage, job opportunities, and the ability to buy and sell property. Sara Scalenghe's book is the first on the history of both physical and mental disabilities in the Middle East and North Africa, and the first to examine disability in the non-Western world before the nineteenth century. Unlike previous scholarly works that examine disability as discussed in religious texts such as the Qur'an and the Hadith, this study focuses on representations and classifications of disability and impairment across a wide range of biographical, legal, medical, and divinatory primary sources.

People with disabilities --- Human body --- Intersexuality --- Insanity (Law) --- Disabled Persons --- Disorders of Sex Development --- History, 16th Century. --- History, 17th Century. --- History, 18th Century. --- Arab World --- #SBIB:39A9 --- #SBIB:39A77 --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- 17th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 17th Cent. History of Medicine --- 17th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 17th Century --- History of Medicine, 17th Cent. --- History, Seventeenth Century --- Medical History, 17th Cent. --- Medicine, 17th Cent. --- 17th Century History --- 17th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 17th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 17th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, Seventeenth --- Century History, 17th --- Century History, Seventeenth --- Histories, 17th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 17th Century --- Histories, Seventeenth Century --- History, 17th Cent. (Medicine) --- Seventeenth Century Histories --- Seventeenth Century History --- 16th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 16th Cent. History of Medicine --- 16th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 16th Century --- History of Medicine, 16th Cent. --- History, Sixteenth Century --- Medical History, 16th Cent. --- Medicine, 16th Cent. --- 16th Century History --- 16th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 16th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 16th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 16th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 16th --- Century Histories, Sixteenth --- Century History, 16th --- Century History, Sixteenth --- Histories, 16th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 16th Century --- Histories, Sixteenth Century --- History, 16th Cent. (Medicine) --- Sixteenth Century Histories --- Sixteenth Century History --- Criminal insanity --- Insanity --- Insanity (Jurisprudence) --- Lunacy (Law) --- Mental illness --- Mentally ill --- Capacity and disability --- Insanity defense --- Bisexuality (Biology) --- Hermaphroditism --- Intersex conditions --- Sex (Biology) --- Body, Human --- Human beings --- Body image --- Human anatomy --- Human physiology --- Mind and body --- Cripples --- Disabled --- Disabled people --- Disabled persons --- Handicapped --- Handicapped people --- Individuals with disabilities --- People with physical disabilities --- Persons with disabilities --- Physically challenged people --- Physically disabled people --- Physically handicapped --- Persons --- Disabilities --- Sociology of disability --- History. --- Social aspects --- history. --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Etnografie: Noord-Afrika en het Midden-Oosten --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Ottoman Empire. --- History of Southern Europe --- History, 16th Century --- History, 17th Century --- History, 18th Century --- History --- history --- History of Asia --- History of civilization --- History of human medicine --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1600-1699 --- Turkey --- Arab States --- Arab states

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Health patterns in Southeast Asia have changed profoundly over the past century. In that period, epidemic and chronic diseases, environmental transformations, and international health institutions have created new connections within the region and the increased interdependence of Southeast Asia with China and India. In this volume leading scholars provide a new approach to the history of health in Southeast Asia. Framed by a series of synoptic pieces on the ""Landscapes of Health"" in Southeast Asia in 1914, 1950, and 2014 the essays interweave local, national, and regional perspectives. They

History, 20th Century --- History of Medicine --- Medicine, History --- History Medicines --- Medicine Histories --- Medicines, History --- Medicine --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- history --- Public health --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- History. --- Health Workforce

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In the antebellum South, plantation physsicians used a new medical device - the spirometer - to show that lung volume and therefore vital capacity were supposedly less in black slaves than in white citizens. At the end of the Civil War, a large study of racial difference employing the spirometer appeared to confirm the finding, which was then applied to argue that slaves were unlit for freedom. What is astonishing is that this example of racial thinking is anything but a historical relic. In Breathing Race into the Machine, science studies scholar Lundy Braun traces the little-known history of the spirometer to reveal the social and scientific processes by which medical instruments have worked to naturalize racial and ethnic differences, from Victorian Britain to today. Routinely a factor in clinical diagnosis, preemployment physicals, and disability estimates, spirometers are often "race corrected," typically reducing normal values for African Americans by 15 percent. An unsettling account of the pernicious effects of racial thinking that divides people along genetic lines, Breathing Race into the Machine helps us understand how race enters into science and shapes medical research and practice. -- from dust jacket

Spirometry --- Lungs --- Black people --- Racism in medicine --- Lung --- Blacks --- Whites --- Racism --- Pneumoconiosis --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Caucasian Race --- Caucasoid Race --- Caucasian Races --- Caucasoid Races --- Race, Caucasian --- Race, Caucasoid --- Races, Caucasian --- Races, Caucasoid --- White --- Negro --- Negroid Race --- Negroes --- Negroid Races --- Race, Negroid --- Races, Negroid --- History --- Dust diseases --- Social aspects --- Diseases --- history --- instrumentation --- physiology --- etiology --- Medical racism --- Medicine --- Black persons --- Ethnology --- Pneometry --- Pulmonary function tests --- European Continental Ancestry Group --- White Person --- People, White --- Person, White --- White Peoples --- White Persons --- African Continental Ancestry Group --- Black Person --- Black Peoples --- Black Persons --- People, Black --- Person, Black --- Persons, Black --- Cardiopulmonary system --- Chest --- Respiratory organs