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THz, Infrared and Millimeter wave Science and Applications.
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Thermal protection. --- Aerodynamic brakes. --- Aeroelasticity. --- Heat shielding. --- Inflatable structures. --- High temperature tests. --- Flutter.
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Comprehensive, self-contained, and clearly written, this successor to Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics (1987) describes the macroscopic equilibrium and stability of high temperature plasmas - the basic fuel for the development of fusion power. Now fully updated, this book discusses the underlying physical assumptions for three basic MHD models: ideal, kinetic, and double-adiabatic MHD. Included are detailed analyses of MHD equilibrium and stability, with a particular focus on three key configurations at the cutting-edge of fusion research: the tokamak, stellarator, and reversed field pinch. Other new topics include continuum damping, MHD stability comparison theorems, neoclassical transport in stellarators, and how quasi-omnigeneity, quasi-symmetry, and quasi-isodynamic constraints impact the design of optimized stellarators. Including full derivations of almost every important result, in-depth physical explanations throughout, and a large number of problem sets to help master the material, this is an exceptional resource for graduate students and researchers in plasma and fusion physics.
Magnetohydrodynamics --- Fluid dynamics --- Turbulence --- High temperature plasmas. --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Fusion reactors. --- Mathematical models.
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Current fleets of conventional and nuclear power plants face increasing hostile environmental conditions due to increasingly high temperature operation for improved capacity and efficiency, and the need for long term service. Additional challenges are presented by the requirement to cycle plants to meet peak-load operation. This book presents a comprehensive review of structural materials in conventional and nuclear energy applications. Opening chapters address operational challenges and structural alloy requirements in different types of power plants. The following sections review power plant
Heat resistant alloys. --- Power-plants -- Equipment and supplies. --- Steam-boilers. --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Electrical Engineering --- Power-plants --- Equipment and supplies. --- High temperature metals --- Refractory metals --- Superalloys --- Alloys --- Heat resistant materials --- Plants, Power --- Power stations --- Powerhouses (Energy facilities) --- Stations, Power --- Energy facilities
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This thesis combines highly accurate optical spectroscopy data on the recently discovered iron-based high-temperature superconductors with an incisive theoretical analysis. Three outstanding results are reported: (1) The superconductivity-induced modification of the far-infrared conductivity of an iron arsenide with minimal chemical disorder is quantitatively described by means of a strong-coupling theory for spin fluctuation mediated Cooper pairing. The formalism developed in this thesis also describes prior spectroscopic data on more disordered compounds. (2) The same materials exhibit a sharp superconductivity-induced anomaly for photon energies around 2.5 eV, two orders of magnitude larger than the superconducting energy gap. The author provides a qualitative interpretation of this unprecedented observation, which is based on the multiband nature of the superconducting state. (3) The thesis also develops a comprehensive description of a superconducting, yet optically transparent iron chalcogenide compound. The author shows that this highly unusual behavior can be explained as a result of the nanoscopic coexistence of insulating and superconducting phases, and he uses a combination of two complementary experimental methods - scanning near-field optical microscopy and low-energy muon spin rotation - to directly image the phase coexistence and quantitatively determine the phase composition. These data have important implications for the interpretation of data from other experimental probes.
High temperature superconducters. --- Iron-based superconductors. --- Iron oxypnictide superconductors --- Iron oxypnictides --- Iron pnictide superconductors --- Iron pnictides --- Oxypnictide superconductors --- Oxypnictides --- Physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- High temperature superconductors --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Optics --- Materials --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Electronic materials --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry
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The book covers the flux pinning mechanisms and properties and the electromagnetic phenomena caused by the flux pinning common for metallic, high-Tc and MgB2 superconductors. The condensation energy interaction known for normal precipitates or grain boundaries and the kinetic energy interaction proposed for artificial Nb pins in Nb-Ti, etc., are introduced for the pinning mechanism. Summation theories to derive the critical current density are discussed in detail. Irreversible magnetization and AC loss caused by the flux pinning are also discussed. The loss originally stems from the ohmic dissipation of normal electrons in the normal core driven by the electric field induced by the flux motion. The readers will learn why the resultant loss is of hysteresis type in spite of such mechanism. The influence of the flux pinning on the vortex phase diagram in high Tc superconductors is discussed, and the dependencies of the irreversibility field are also described on other quantities such as anisotropy of superconductor, specimen size and electric field strength. Recent developments of critical current properties in various high-Tc superconductors and MgB2 are introduced. Other topics are: singularity in the case of transport current in a parallel magnetic field such as deviation from the Josephson relation, reversible flux motion inside pinning potentials which causes deviation from the critical state model prediction, the concept of the minimization of energy dissipation in the flux pinning phenomena which gives the basis for the critical state model, etc. Significant reduction in the AC loss in AC wires with very fine filaments originates from the reversible flux motion which is dominant in the two-dimensional pinning. The concept of minimum energy dissipation explains also the behavior of flux bundle size which determines the irreversibility line under the flux creep. The new edition has been thoroughly updated, with new sections on the progress in enhancing the critical current density in high temperature superconductors by introduction of artificial pinning centers, the effect of packing density on the critical current density and irreversibility field in MgB2 and derivation of the force-balance equation from the minimization of the free energy including the pinning energy.
Flux pinning. --- High temperature superconductors. --- Semiconductors. --- Superconductors. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Pinning, Flux --- Physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Dislocations in crystals --- Point defects --- Superconductors --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Magnetic properties --- Materials --- Optics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Electronic materials
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High Temperature Gas Dynamics is a primer for scientists, engineers, and students who would like to have a basic understanding of the physics and the behavior of high-temperature gases. It is a valuable tool for astrophysicists as well. The first chapters treat the basic principles of quantum and statistical mechanics and how to derive thermophysical properties from them. Special topics are included that are rarely found in other textbooks, such as the thermophysical and transport properties of multi-temperature gases and a novel method to compute radiative transfer. Furthermore, collision processes between different particles are discussed. Separate chapters deal with the production of high-temperature gases and with electrical emission in plasmas, as well as related diagnostic techniques.This new edition adds over 100 pages and includes the following updates: several sections on radiative properties of high temperature gases and various radiation models, a section on shocks in magneto-gas-dynamics, a section on stability of 2D ionized gas flow, and additional practical examples, such as MGD generators, Hall and ion thrusters, and Faraday generators.
Gases at high temperatures. --- High temperature plasmas. --- Gas dynamics. --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Gasdynamics --- Fluid dynamics --- Thermodynamics --- High temperatures --- Engineering. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Astronautics. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Space sciences --- Aeronautics --- Astrodynamics --- Space flight --- Space vehicles --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Fluids. --- Physical chemistry. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Nuclear energy. --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Aeronautical engineering --- Astronautics --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Dynamics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory
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