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THz, Infrared and Millimeter wave Science and Applications.

High temperature superconductors

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Comprehensive, self-contained, and clearly written, this successor to Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics (1987) describes the macroscopic equilibrium and stability of high temperature plasmas - the basic fuel for the development of fusion power. Now fully updated, this book discusses the underlying physical assumptions for three basic MHD models: ideal, kinetic, and double-adiabatic MHD. Included are detailed analyses of MHD equilibrium and stability, with a particular focus on three key configurations at the cutting-edge of fusion research: the tokamak, stellarator, and reversed field pinch. Other new topics include continuum damping, MHD stability comparison theorems, neoclassical transport in stellarators, and how quasi-omnigeneity, quasi-symmetry, and quasi-isodynamic constraints impact the design of optimized stellarators. Including full derivations of almost every important result, in-depth physical explanations throughout, and a large number of problem sets to help master the material, this is an exceptional resource for graduate students and researchers in plasma and fusion physics.

Magnetohydrodynamics --- Fluid dynamics --- Turbulence --- High temperature plasmas. --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Fusion reactors. --- Mathematical models.

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This thesis combines highly accurate optical spectroscopy data on the recently discovered iron-based high-temperature superconductors with an incisive theoretical analysis. Three outstanding results are reported: (1) The superconductivity-induced modification of the far-infrared conductivity of an iron arsenide with minimal chemical disorder is quantitatively described by means of a strong-coupling theory for spin fluctuation mediated Cooper pairing. The formalism developed in this thesis also describes prior spectroscopic data on more disordered compounds. (2) The same materials exhibit a sharp superconductivity-induced anomaly for photon energies around 2.5 eV, two orders of magnitude larger than the superconducting energy gap. The author provides a qualitative interpretation of this unprecedented observation, which is based on the multiband nature of the superconducting state. (3) The thesis also develops a comprehensive description of a superconducting, yet optically transparent iron chalcogenide compound. The author shows that this highly unusual behavior can be explained as a result of the nanoscopic coexistence of insulating and superconducting phases, and he uses a combination of two complementary experimental methods - scanning near-field optical microscopy and low-energy muon spin rotation - to directly image the phase coexistence and quantitatively determine the phase composition. These data have important implications for the interpretation of data from other experimental probes.

High temperature superconducters. --- Iron-based superconductors. --- Iron oxypnictide superconductors --- Iron oxypnictides --- Iron pnictide superconductors --- Iron pnictides --- Oxypnictide superconductors --- Oxypnictides --- Physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- High temperature superconductors --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Optics --- Materials --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Electronic materials --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry

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High Temperature Gas Dynamics is a primer for scientists, engineers, and students who would like to have a basic understanding of the physics and the behavior of high-temperature gases. It is a valuable tool for astrophysicists as well. The first chapters treat the basic principles of quantum and statistical mechanics and how to derive thermophysical properties from them. Special topics are included that are rarely found in other textbooks, such as the thermophysical and transport properties of multi-temperature gases and a novel method to compute radiative transfer. Furthermore, collision processes between different particles are discussed. Separate chapters deal with the production of high-temperature gases and with electrical emission in plasmas, as well as related diagnostic techniques.This new edition adds over 100 pages and includes the following updates: several sections on radiative properties of high temperature gases and various radiation models, a section on shocks in magneto-gas-dynamics, a section on stability of 2D ionized gas flow, and additional practical examples, such as MGD generators, Hall and ion thrusters, and Faraday generators.

Gases at high temperatures. --- High temperature plasmas. --- Gas dynamics. --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Gasdynamics --- Fluid dynamics --- Thermodynamics --- High temperatures --- Engineering. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Astronautics. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Space sciences --- Aeronautics --- Astrodynamics --- Space flight --- Space vehicles --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Fluids. --- Physical chemistry. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Nuclear energy. --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Aeronautical engineering --- Astronautics --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Dynamics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory