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Food Waste is the first academic study to tackle this highly topical subject. Drawing from social science approaches to waste, material culture and everyday life in the home, the author uncovers the reasons behind the vast quantity of food wasted on a daily basis by households and consumers.

Food

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Food --- Food --- Analysis --- Composition

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How food systems reflect our values and contribute to our economy, environment, and culture

Food supply. --- Food security.

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Components of daily energy expenditureDefinitions of energy requirement. The basic principle behind the formulation of energy requirement reference values is energy balance, i.e. the physiological state in which daily energy intake equals energy expenditure and both body weight and energy content (defined by body composition) are constant. For some people, especially those who are over- or underweight, the recommended energy intake might be lower or higher than energy expenditure for a prescribed time period, but long-term energy balance is the ultimate goal even in treatment of undernourishment and obesity. Therefore, the NNR defines the energy requirement in adults as "the energy intake needed to cover energy expenditure in individuals with body weight, body composition and physical activity compatible with good health. In addition, energy requirement is affected by the energy needed for growth in children, for deposition of tissues during pregnancy and for milk production during lactation" (1). However, because body energy stores are very large (at least 30 times the daily energy energy expenditure, there is no need for energy intake and energy expenditure to be equal over short periods of around 1 to 4 days (2).The daily energy expenditure can be divided into the following components:•Basal (or resting) energy expenditure (BEE or REE)•Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)•Energy expenditure caused by physical activityEnergy expenditure is measured in kJ (1000 kJ = 1 MJ)) per time unit (usually MJ/d). One kilojoule equals 0.24 kcal (or 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ), a unit that is still often used in the literature.On average, daily energy expenditure is higher in men than in women but the difference disappears after adjustment for the difference in body size and body composition between the sexes. Very cold or hot environments,genetic differences, hormonal status (e.g. serum concentrations ofthyroid and growth hormones), sympathetic nerve activity, psychologicalstate, pharmacological agents, and several disease states have been shownto increase or decrease energy expenditure, mainly by affecting REE (3, 4).

Food habits.

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'This work is not an easy read, for all the right reasons. The authors stay well away from stylised facts, instead providing a rigorous assessment that gives readers a more informed and textured understanding of key drivers of China's food consumption. Beyond academics, commercial firms and prospective trading partners will find this book an important resource; its judicious use of tables, charts, maps and applied work paint a nuanced picture of China's markets' prospects and the challenges that still remain.' --Brad Gilmour, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 'China's food consumption will have a fundamental impact on Chinese and global food supply and demand, and therefore food and nutrition security in the world. In addition, Chinese consumption patterns have important implications on global natural resources and the environment. To design policies and strategies to guide Chinese consumers towards a more sustainable and healthy diet requires solid data and analysis of future Chinese consumption trends. This book is a welcome first step. The authors of this book are some of the most experienced and respected researchers on Chinese agriculture and food issues. It is a valuable source of reference for researchers, government policymakers and anyone in the private sector who is interested in Chinese and global food systems.' --Shenggen Fan, International Food Policy Research Institute, US. 'With the world's largest population and second largest economy, China plays an important role in global food production and consumption. This book by a distinguished group of authors presents an updated analysis of food consumption in China. The material covered is informative and comprehensive. All food-related traders, researchers and analysts would benefit from reading this book.' --Yanrui Wu, The University of Western Australia, Australia. Recent decades have seen China's domestic consumption in sectors such as food, housing, health care, education and travel greatly increase. This important book assesses China's current food consumption trends and the outlook for its future needs of such a crucial commodity. Key features of the book include: A systematic examination of the key elements shaping food consumption, with particular attention to factors peculiar to China; An evaluation of changes in food consumption between rural and urban residents, the rich and poor, and consumers of different regions and identification of the key drivers behind such changes; A comprehensive coverage of all major food items including foodgrains, meats and other animal products, fruits and vegetables, alcoholic drinks, and aquacultural products; and A projection for China's food import needs by 2020. This book will be of great relevance to anyone who is interested in the dynamics of Chinese food consumption, such as commodity traders, leaders of agri-food industries, food trade officials, and food market researchers. It will also prove a valuable reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students majoring in food marketing and trade, general food and agricultural economics and scholars studying food consumption issues.

Food consumption