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Research on social networks has exploded over the last decade. To a large extent, this has been fueled by the spectacular growth of social media and online social networking sites, which continue growing at a very fast pace, as well as by the increasing availability of very large social network datasets for purposes of research. A rich body of this research has been devoted to the analysis of the propagation of information, influence, innovations, infections, practices and customs through networks. Can we build models to explain the way these propagations occur? How can we validate our models against any available real datasets consisting of a social network and propagation traces that occurred in the past? These are just some questions studied by researchers in this area. Information propagation models find applications in viral marketing, outbreak detection, finding key blog posts to read in order to catch important stories, finding leaders or trendsetters, information feed ranking, etc. A number of algorithmic problems arising in these applications have been abstracted and studied extensively by researchers under the garb of influence maximization. This book starts with a detailed description of well-established diffusion models, including the independent cascade model and the linear threshold model, that have been successful at explaining propagation phenomena. We describe their properties as well as numerous extensions to them, introducing aspects such as competition, budget, and time-criticality, among many others. We delve deep into the key problem of influence maximization, which selects key individuals to activate in order to influence a large fraction of a network. Influence maximization in classic diffusion models including both the independent cascade and the linear threshold models is computationally intractable, more precisely #P-hard, and we describe several approximation algorithms and scalable heuristics that have been proposed in the literature. Finally, we also deal with key issues that need to be tackled in order to turn this research into practice, such as learning the strength with which individuals in a network influence each other, as well as the practical aspects of this research including the availability of datasets and software tools for facilitating research. We conclude with a discussion of various research problems that remain open, both from a technical perspective and from the viewpoint of transferring the results of research into industry strength applications.

Computer networks. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Information theory. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Data Structures and Information Theory.

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Der Begriff Information wird heute fast inflationär benutzt. Es seien nur die Informationstechnik, unser Informationszeitalter, die Informatik, die Macht der Information, die Informationsflut, Information und Dokumentation sowie Medien und Archive genannt. Doch leider wird dabei „Information“ zuweilen intuitiv und oft sogar recht individuell benutzt. Horst Völz stellt vier typische Informationsklassen gegenüber und erklärt die leblose Natur, das Leben, die menschliche Kommunikation und die Shannonsche Nachrichtentechnik.  Der Inhalt Information und Wirkung im Sinne eines verallgemeinerten Verstärkerprinzips (Kybernetik) Information im Sinne der sprachlichen Kommunikation (Zeichen-, Abbild-Prinzip) Information im Kontext der Information (Rechnersimulation) Shannon- und quantentheoretische Information (Berechnungsgrundlagen, Codierung, Fehlerkorrektur Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der Medien-, Kommunikations-, Verhaltens- und Sprachwissenschaft, Informatik, Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie Allgemein am Thema Interessierte, Nachrichtentechniker Der Autor Prof. Dr. Horst Völz hat wichtige Arbeiten zur Technik der Speicherung und zu Grundlagen der Information geleistet, die u.a. in vielen Büchern und rund 300 Fachartikeln erschienen sind. Derzeit ist er im Bereich Medienwissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität tätig.

Computers. --- Computer science. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Computer Science, general. --- Data Structures and Information Theory.

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Near Field Communication is a radio frequency technology that allows objects, such as mobile phones, computers, tags, or posters, to exchange information wirelessly across a small distance. This report on the progress of Near Field Communication reviews the features and functionality of the technology and summarizes the broad spectrum of its current and anticipated applications. We explore the development of NFC technology in recent years, introduce the major stakeholders in the NFC ecosystem, and project its movement toward mainstream adoption. Several examples of early implementation of NFC in libraries are highlighted, primarily involving the use of NFC to enhance discovery by linking books or other physical objects with digital information about library resources, but also including applications of NFC to collection management and self-checkout. Future uses of NFC in libraries, such as smart posters or other enhanced outreach, are envisioned as well as the potential for the "touch paradigm" and "Internet of things" to transform the ways in which library users interact with the information environment. Conscious of the privacy and security of our patrons, we also address continuing concerns related to NFC technology and its expected applications, recommending caution, awareness, and education as immediate next steps for librarians.

Mathematics. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Information theory. --- Library science. --- Education. --- Data Structures and Information Theory. --- Library Science.

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Die Autoren führen in die Kryptographie aus Sicht der Informatik und Mathematik ein. Kryptographie wird als wichtiger Schutzmechanismus zur Gewährleistung von Vertraulichkeit und Integrität im elektronischen Datenverkehr vorgestellt. Wesentliche Themen sind Bedrohungen, korrespondierende Schutzziele und Angreifermodelle. Die grundlegenden Typen kryptographischer Systeme zur Durchsetzung der Schutzziele werden eingeführt und konkrete Verfahren beschrieben. Dabei werden relevante Angriffe, Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten und Grenzen kryptographischer Systeme aufgezeigt. Zahlreiche Beispiele veranschaulichen die dargestellten Sachverhalte und erleichtern das Verständnis. Die Übungsaufgaben ermöglichen die tiefe Auseinandersetzung mit dem Stoff.

Computer security. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Biomathematics. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Systems and Data Security. --- Data Structures and Information Theory. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Discrete Mathematics.

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Quantum physics, which offers an explanation of the world on the smallest scale, has fundamental implications that pose a serious challenge to ordinary logic. Particularly counterintuitive is the notion of entanglement, which has been explored for the past 30 years and posits an ubiquitous randomness capable of manifesting itself simultaneously in more than one place. This amazing 'non-locality' is more than just an abstract curiosity or paradox: it has entirely down-to-earth applications in cryptography, serving for example to protect financial information; it also has enabled the demonstration of 'quantum teleportation', whose infinite possibilities even science-fiction writers can scarcely imagine. This delightful and concise exposition does not avoid the deep logical difficulties of quantum physics, but gives the reader the insights needed to appreciate them . From 'Bell's Theorem' to experiments in quantum entanglement, the reader will gain a solid understanding of one of the most fascinating areas of contemporary physics.

History of physics --- Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Physics --- Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- Computer science --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- science fiction --- quantumfysica --- electron spin resonance spectre --- cryptologie --- informatica --- informatietechnologie --- programmatielogica --- fysica --- Quàntums, Teoria dels --- Ordinadors quàntics --- Espintrònica --- Quantum physics. --- Physics. --- Quantum computers. --- Spintronics. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Quantum Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Data Structures and Information Theory.