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This report is intended to provide in one single document the background, principal recent and current World Bank activities and the proposed program of technical assistance to the Government in the area of public investment programming and management in post-revolution Libya. Aside from the convenience, both for the Bank and other international partners, of a synthesis of all major assessments and advice provided by the Bank in this central area of public sector management, this report shows the substantial continuity of diagnosis and assistance from the immediate aftermath of the Revolution through mid-2014. The first section recounts the early activities and, against that background, the second section summarizes the activities conducted and initial results achieved during FY2014. The concluding section lists the preliminary agreements with the Government on how to build on those initial results with complementary activities and deepening of a number of initiatives, specifically during FY2015 and with general indications for the subsequent years. The text of the report is limited to a summary of key issues and recommendations, with full details provided in the several annexes.

Accountability --- Accounting --- Capital Expenditures --- Competition --- Cost Recovery --- Cost-Benefit analysis --- Cost-Effectiveness --- Debt --- Decentralization --- Deficit --- Economic Recovery --- Expenditures --- Financial Management --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal Year --- Governance --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Municipal Governments --- Municipalities --- National Governance --- Public Expenditure, Financial Management and Procurement --- Public Finance --- Public Procurement --- Public Sector --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Governance --- Sanitation --- Transparency --- Uncertainty

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Given the broad array of issues and the complexity faced by the water sector as a whole (from irrigation to flood protection, to water conservation and hydropower), there is great demand for future exploring the potential of RBF and tackling the questions still unanswered about many of its operational dimensions. This document takes a closer look at some of the practical aspects of implementing various RBF water schemes. Chapter 2 provides an analytical framework to explore if and when RBF can be a viable option, shedding light on some key factors and preconditions that are necessary for RBF to work--with the understanding that it can be used either as an alternative or a complement to a more traditional input-based funding scheme. Chapter 3 then revisits the concepts discussed in the analytical framework through the analysis of various case studies of RBF approaches in different water-related areas. Some of the case studies are based on actual projects already implemented or ongoing, while others are an illustrative elaboration, given the lack of practical cases to use as sources. Chapter 4 presents some conclusions and lessons learned. The key challenges that are likely to be encountered in designing an RBF scheme deal with: the clarity and level of certainty of the relationships from input to output to outcomes (causal links); the ease and availability of measurable indicators; and, consequently, the optimal determination of the necessary incentive(s) to align the goals of the principal with the agents' deliverables. Appendix A presents a glossary of RBF concepts and acronyms. Appendix B presents specific results and indicators which may be relevant for different sectors.

Aquifers --- Canals --- Cash Transfers --- Civil Society Organizations --- Clean Water --- Climate Change --- Cost Recovery --- Crop Yields --- E-Business --- Electricity --- Engineering --- Financial Institutions --- Financial Management --- Financial Services --- Floods --- Groundwater --- Hardware --- Human Capital --- Innovation --- Irrigation --- Marketing --- Municipalities --- Open Defecation --- Piped Water --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Rainfall --- Reservoirs --- Sanitation --- Slums --- Surface Water --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Wastewater --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Conservation --- Water Law --- Water Resources --- Water Supply --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Water Utilities