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Thermoforming of Single and Multilayer Laminates explains the fundamentals of lamination and plastics thermoforming technologies along with current and new developments. It focuses on properties and thermoforming mechanics of plastic films and in particular single and multilayered laminates, including barrier films. For environmental and economic reasons, laminates are becoming increasingly important as a replacement for solid sheets and paint finishes in many industries, including transportation, packaging, and construction. Yet the processes of film formability during the e

Thermoforming. --- Plastics --- Molding. --- Casting of plastics --- Molding (Plastics) --- Plastic molding --- Molding (Chemical technology) --- Molding --- Laminated plastics.

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Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Inkt --- Graphics industry --- Chemical technology --- Graphic arts

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This book contains ten chapters, authored by world experts in the field of simulation at nano-scale and aims to demonstrate the potentialities of computational techniques to model the mechanical behavior of nano-materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and their composites. A large part of the research currently being conducted in the fields of materials science and engineering mechanics is devoted to carbon nanotubes, graphene and their applications. In this process, computational modeling is a very attractive research tool due to the difficulties in manufacturing and testing of nano-materials. Both atomistic modeling methods, such as molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics, and continuum modeling methods are being intensively used. Continuum modeling offers significant advantages over atomistic modeling such as the reduced computational effort, the capability of modeling complex structures and bridging different analysis scales, thus enabling modeling from the nano- to the macro-scale. On the other hand, atomistic modeling is very accurate and can provide detailed information about the effects of material structure such as the interfaces and functionalization.

Mathematical physics --- Fluid mechanics --- Physics --- Materials sciences --- Chemical technology --- Computer science --- composieten --- theoretische fysica --- materialen (technologie) --- fysica --- mechanica --- chemische technologie

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A thorough industry analysis is of utmost importance for a study on the impact of technological changes on industry structure. This book evaluates the consequences of a vaguely chosen level of an industry analysis. Too broad a definition of the industry may disaggregate sub-industries, processing industries and international aspects. This is illustrated by revisiting an industry study upon which the dominant design model was based. Readers will see and understand the consequences of too broadly defined industries together with quantitative research approach can have. The book argues that the nature of the industry should define the level of the analysis. This is done by revisiting the flat glass industry study, on which Anderson and Tushman’s (1990) dominant design model is partly based. In their study Anderson and Tushman defined the flat glass industry based on four-digit SIC codes. It is argued that this definition was too broad and it disaggregated important sub-industries, processing industries and international aspects. This study uses more accurate analysis in five-digit SIC codes. The empirical findings of this study and Anderson and Tushman’s study are different. Their broader industry definition revealed only the flat glass industry not two sub-industries: plate glass and sheet glass. According to this study the nature of the industry should define the level of the analysis and performance parameter should defined be based on effectiveness instead of efficiency of the innovation. As a consequence of these clarifications this study regards contrary to Anderson and Tushman float glass as the dominant design.

Materials processing --- Applied physical engineering --- Business policy --- Production management --- Chemical technology --- composieten --- bedrijfsplanning --- bedrijfsorganisatie --- planning --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- chemische technologie --- productieprocessen

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This book concentrates on some particular aspects of bioalcohols such as its production and uses. The main aim of this book is to provide an overview of worldwide research on the use of bioalcohols in energy development. In fact, it summarizes the characteristics and methods used to produce bioethanol and the current approaches on lignocellulosic-derived biofuel with its performance and its exhaust emissions. This book also provides an overview of recent research activities in the field of reactors and catalytic reactions from the steam reforming of alcohol and bioalcohol for the production of

Alcohols. --- Alcohol as fuel. --- Biomass. --- Chemistry, Technical. --- Chemical technology --- Industrial chemistry --- Technical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Technology --- Chemical engineering --- Mass (Physics) --- Biology --- Fuel --- Organic compounds