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Until very recently, the idea of ancient Jewish sciences would havebeen considered unacceptable. Since the 1990’s, Early Modernand Medieval Science in Jewish sources has been actively studied, but the consensus was that no real scientific themes couldbe found in earlier Judaism. This work points them out in detail,and posits a new field of research: the scientific activity evidentin the Dead Sea Scrolls and Early Jewish Pseudepigrapha. Thepublication of new texts and new analyses of older ones revealscrucial elements that are best illuminated by the history of science, and may have interesting consequences for it. The contributors evaluate these texts in relation to astronomy, astrology andphysiognomy, marking the first comprehensive attempt to accountfor scientific themes in Second Temple Judaism. They investigatethe meaning and purpose of scientific explorations in an apocalyptic setting. An appreciation of these topics paves the way toa renewed understanding of the scientific fragments scatteredthroughout rabbinic literature.The book first places the Jewish material in the ancient contextof the Near Eastern and Hellenistic worlds. While the Jewish textswere not on the cutting edge of scientific discovery, they find ameaningful place in the history of science, between Babylonia andEgypt, in the time period between Hipparchus and Ptolemy. Thebook uses recent advances in method to examine the contacts andnetworks of Jewish scholars in their ancient setting. Second, theessays here tackle the problematic concept of a national scientifictradition. Although science is nowadays often conceived as universal, the historiography of ancient Jewish sciences demonstratesthe importance of seeing the development of science in a localcontext. The book explores the tension between the hegemony ofcentral scientific traditions and local scientific enterprises, showing the relevance of ancient data to contemporary postcolonialhistoriography of science. Finally, philosophical questions of thedemarcation of science are addressed in a way that can advancethe discussion of related ancient materials.Online edition available as part of the NYU Library's Ancient World Digital Library and in partnership with the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW).

Physiognomy --- Judaism and science. --- Astrology, Hebrew. --- Astronomy, Ancient. --- Science, Ancient --- Science and Judaism --- Science --- Hebrew astrology --- Ancient astronomy --- Ancient science --- Science, Primitive --- Religious aspects --- Judaism. --- History. --- History

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One of the arguments in Aristotle's On the Heavens propounds that the world neither came to be nor will perish. This volume contains the pagan Neoplatonist Simplicius of Cilicia's commentary on the first part of this this important work. The commentary is notable and unusual because Simplicius includes in his discussion lengthy representations of the Christian John Philoponus' criticisms of Aristotle along with his own, frequently sarcastic, responses. This is the first complete translation into a modern language of Simplicius' commentary, and is accompanied by a detailed introduction, extensi.

Philosophy of nature --- Aristotle --- Aristotle. De caelo. --- Astronomy, Ancient. --- Cosmology, Ancient. --- Physics --- Aristotle. --- Astronomy, Greek --- Cosmology --- Early works to 1800. --- Cosmologie antique --- Astronomie antique --- Mécanique céleste --- Aristote, --- Cosmologie antique. --- Astronomie antique. --- Mécanique céleste. --- Aristote

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Le Papyrus Fouad inv. 267 A est un document d'une importance exceptionnelle pour l'histoire de l'astronomie ancienne. Il s'agit d'un fragment de traité rédigé à Alexandrie vers 130 après Jésus-Christ. La partie conservée, qui occupe le recto et le verso d'un seul folio, concerne le Soleil dont la longitude est calculée en fonction de trois différentes années: l'année sidérale, l'année «moyenne» de 365 jours 1/4 et l'année tropique. Le texte donne un exemple pris le 9 novembre 130 p. C. à 3h depuis minuit. L'auteur se réfère aux observations d'Hipparque dont il mentionne une observation faite au solstice d'été en 158 avant Jésus-Christ. Le présent volume donne une description détaillée du papyrus, une édition diplomatique et une édition normalisée par Jean-Luc Fournet, ainsi qu'une traduction suivie de notes paléographiques et explicatives par Jean-Luc Fournet et Anne Tihon. Le commentaire par Anne Tihon suit le texte pas à pas et est accompagné d'un glossaire et de photos en couleur. Une annexe par Raymond Mercier donne une reconstruction des tables et une brève analyse mathématique.

Greek papyri --- Griekse papyri --- Handschriften [Griekse ] (Papyrus) --- Manuscripts [Greek ] (Papyri) --- Manuscrits grecs (Papyrus) --- Papyri [Greek ] --- Papyri [Griekse ] --- Papyrologie --- Papyrology --- Papyrus grecs --- Astronomy --- Astronomy, Greek. --- Astronomie --- Astronomie grecque --- Early works to 1800 --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Hipparchus, --- Société Fouad I de papyrologie (Cairo, Egypt). --- Sun --- Soleil --- Observations --- Astronomy, Ancient --- Astronomy, Greek --- Société Fouad I de papyrologie (Cairo, Egypt) --- Academic collection --- Société Fouad I de papyrologie (Cairo, Egypt). --- Astronomy [Greek ] --- Manuscripts --- Astronomie grecque. --- Astronomy, Ancient - Early works to 1800 --- Hipparchus, - active 190 BC-127 BC --- Sun - Observations - Early works to 1800