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F. Hollande a reconnu en octobre 2012 la répression sanglante de la manifestation d'Algériens le 17 octobre 1961. Les buts réels de la fédération de France du FLN dans l'organisation de cette manifestation n'ont aucune visibilité, selon l'auteur, car le travail des historiens est parasité par le débat politique et émotionnel. ©Electre 2015

Jabhat al-Taḥrīr al-Qawmī

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al-'Aynī, Badr al-Dīn Mamuḥd bin Aḥmad,

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This book traces the development of modern Syria focusing on the contribution of the Ba'th party and Ba'thist ideology. It examines the roots of the Ba'th in the intellectual ferment of the 1940s and charts its growing influence on Syrian politics. Special attention is devoted to the crucial Sixth Congress of the Ba'th Party in 1963 and the key ideological document, the Muntalaqat, produced by Michel Aflaq. After 1963 the military became increasingly dominant until Hafiz al-Asad came to power in 1970. Since then the Party has been less dominant internally but Syria itself has establi

Ḥizb al-Baʼth al-ʼArabī al Ishtirākī (Syria) --- History. --- Syria --- Politics and government.

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" Born in 1885, King Faisal I of Iraq was a seminal figure not only in the founding of the state of Iraq but also in the making of the modern Middle East. In all the tumult leading to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of new Arab states, Faisal was a central player. His life traversed each of the important political, military, and intellectual developments of his times. This comprehensive biography is the first to provide a fully rounded picture of Faisal the man and Faisal the monarch. Ali A. Allawi recounts the dramatic events of his subject's life and provides a reassessment of his crucial role in developments in the pre- and post-World War I Middle East and of his lasting but underappreciated influence in the region even 80 years after his death. A battle-hardened military leader who, with the help of Lawrence of Arabia, organized the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire; a leading representative of the Arab cause, alongside Gertrude Bell, at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919; a founding father and king of the first independent state of Syria; the first king of Iraq-in his many roles Faisal overcame innumerable crises and opposing currents while striving to build the structures of a modern state. This book is the first to afford his contributions to Middle East history the attention they deserve"--

Faysal --- Faisal --- Fayṣal al-Awwal, --- Faysal ibn al-Husayn, --- Feisal --- Faysil bin al-Husayn, --- فيصل، --- فيصل --- Iraq --- Irak --- Rāfidayn, Bilād --- Bilād al-Rāfidayn --- Republic of Iraq --- Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah --- Kings and rulers --- Politics and government

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Jalal al-Din Rumi --- Maulana --- 1207-1273