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"Pilgrimage to ritually significant places is a part of daily life in the Maya world. These journeys involve important social and practical concerns, such as the maintenance of food sources and world order. Frequent pilgrimages to ceremonial hills to pay offerings to spiritual forces for good harvests, for instance, are just as necessary for farming as planting fields. Why has Maya pilgrimage to ritual landscapes prevailed from the distant past and why are journeys to ritual landscapes important in Maya religion? How can archaeologists recognize Maya pilgrimage, and how does it compare to similar behavior at ritual landscapes around the world? The author addresses these questions and others through cross-cultural comparisons, archaeological data, and ethnographic insights. "--

HISTORY / Latin America / General. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Archaeology. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / General. --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Sacred space --- Mayas --- Holy places --- Places, Sacred --- Sacred places --- Sacred sites --- Sacred spaces --- Sites, Sacred --- Space, Sacred --- Holy, The --- Religion and geography --- Pilgrimages and pilgrims --- Processions, Religious --- Travelers --- Voyages and travels --- Shrines --- Religion. --- Rites and ceremonies. --- Lieux sacrés --- Pèlerins et pèlerinages --- Rites et cérémonies --- Religion --- Spiritual tourism

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For 250 years, the Turkic Muslims of Altishahr-the vast desert region to the northwest of Tibet-have led an uneasy existence under Chinese rule. Today they call themselves Uyghurs, and they have cultivated a sense of history and identity that challenges Beijing's official national narrative. Rian Thum argues that the roots of this history run deeper than recent conflicts, to a time when manuscripts and pilgrimage dominated understandings of the past. Beyond broadening our knowledge of tensions between the Uyghurs and the Chinese government, this meditation on the very concept of history probes the limits of human interaction with the past. Uyghur historical practice emerged from the circulation of books and people during the Qing Dynasty, when crowds of pilgrims listened to history readings at the tombs of Islamic saints. Over time, amid long journeys and moving rituals, at oasis markets and desert shrines, ordinary readers adapted community-authored manuscripts to their own needs. In the process they created a window into a forgotten Islam, shaped by the veneration of local saints. Partly insulated from the rest of the Islamic world, the Uyghurs constructed a local history that is at once unique and assimilates elements of Semitic, Iranic, Turkic, and Indic traditions-the cultural imports of Silk Road travelers. Through both ethnographic and historical analysis, The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History offers a new understanding of Uyghur historical practices, detailing the remarkable means by which this people reckons with its past and confronts its nationalist aspirations in the present day.

Uighur (Turkic people) --- Manuscripts, Uighur --- Islam --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Sacred space --- Nationalism --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Holy places --- Places, Sacred --- Sacred places --- Sacred sites --- Sacred spaces --- Sites, Sacred --- Space, Sacred --- Holy, The --- Religion and geography --- Pilgrimages and pilgrims --- Processions, Religious --- Travelers --- Voyages and travels --- Shrines --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Uighur manuscripts --- Taranchi (Turkic people) --- Uighurs --- Uigur (Turkic people) --- Uigurs --- Uyghur (Turkic people) --- Uyghurs --- Uygur (Turkic people) --- Weiwu'er (Turkic people) --- Ethnology --- Turkic peoples --- Historiography. --- Travel. --- Intellectual life. --- Religion. --- History. --- Manuscripts --- Takla Makan Desert Region (China) --- History, Local. --- Spiritual tourism

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This report examines the status and evolution of al Qa'ida and other Salafi-jihadist groups, and uses qualitative and quantitative data to assess whether this movement has strengthened. The author uses this analysis to examine U.S. strategic options to counter al Qa'ida and other terrorist groups based on the threat level and the capacity of local governments.

Islamic fundamentalism -- Middle East. --- Jihad. --- Qaida (Organization). --- Terrorism -- Middle East -- Religious aspects -- Islam. --- Jihad --- Terrorism --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Islam --- Religious aspects --- Qaida (Organization) --- Holy war (Islam) --- Islamic holy war --- Jahad --- Jehad --- Muslim holy war --- Fundamentalism, Islamic --- Islamism --- War (Islamic law) --- Religious fundamentalism --- Qāʻidah (Organization) --- Quaida (Organization) --- Al-Qaida (Organization) --- Qaeda (Organization) --- International Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders --- Islamic Salvation Foundation --- Group for the Preservation of the Holy Sites --- Islamic Army for the Preservation of Holy Sites --- Islamic Army for the Preservation of the Holy Places --- Al Qaeda (Organization) --- Al Queda (Organization) --- Alʹ-Kaida (Organization) --- Kaida (Organization) --- R̄ekxirawî Elqaʻîde --- Elqaʻîde (Organization) --- تنظيم القاعدة --- قاعدة (منظمة) --- Al-Qaedah (Organization)

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In the late Middle Ages, a trans-Mediterranean network of holy sites developed, linked to one another by sea routes. Due to their locations, they stood out as symbolic intersections between the sea, the land, and the heavens. The essays in this volume describe the specific sacred geography of the sanctuaries situated along medieval sea routes and examine their characteristics from the perspectives of history, religion, and art history.

Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Voyages and travels --- Sacred space --- Religion and geography --- Geography and religion --- Geography --- Holy places --- Places, Sacred --- Sacred places --- Sacred sites --- Sacred spaces --- Sites, Sacred --- Space, Sacred --- Holy, The --- Journeys --- Travel books --- Travels --- Trips --- Adventure and adventurers --- Travel --- Travelers --- Pilgrimages and pilgrims --- Processions, Religious --- Shrines --- Mediterranean Sea --- Mediterranean Region --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region --- Mare Nostrum --- Navigation --- History --- Religion --- Religious life and customs --- Spiritual tourism --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages - Mediterranean Region - Congresses --- Voyages and travels - Congresses --- Religion and geography - Congresses --- Sacred space - Mediterranean Region - Congresses --- Mediterranean Sea - Navigation - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Mediterranean Region - Religion - Congresses --- Mediterranean Region - Religious life and customs - Congresses --- Pèlerins et pèlerinages --- Voyages --- Religion et géographie --- Lieux sacrés --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Méditerranée --- Méditerranée, Région de la --- Congresses --- Histoire --- Vie religieuse --- Mediterranean. --- Middle Ages. --- Navigation.