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In this revised and expanded edition, in addition to a comprehensible introduction to the theoretical foundations of quantum tunneling based on different methods of formulating and solving tunneling problems, different semiclassical approximations for multidimensional systems are presented. Particular attention is given to the tunneling of composite systems, with examples taken from molecular tunneling and also from nuclear reactions. The interesting and puzzling features of tunneling times are given extensive coverage, and the possibility of measurement of these times with quantum clocks are

Tunneling (Physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Penetration probability --- Quantum mechanical tunneling --- Tunnel effect --- Electric conductivity --- Solids

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Quantum tunneling is an essential issue in quantum physics. Especially, the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years promises a lot of applications in condensed matter physics, surface science and nanodevices, which are growing interests in fundamental issues, computational techniques and potential applications of quantum tunneling. The book involves two relevant topics. One is quantum tunneling theory in condensed matter physics, including the basic concepts and methods, especially for recent developments in mesoscopic physics and computational formulation. The second part is the f

Tunneling (Physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Electrons --- Electron emission --- Electronic work function --- Emission of electrons --- Work function, Electronic --- Electric discharges through gases --- Electron work function --- Free electron theory of metals --- Internal conversion (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Penetration probability --- Quantum mechanical tunneling --- Tunnel effect --- Electric conductivity --- Solids --- Emission.

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The author introduces the concept that superconductivity can establish a perfect formalism of electricity and magnetism. The correspondence of conductors that exhibit perfect electrostatic shielding (E=0) in the static condition and superconductors that show perfect diamagnetism (B=0) is given to help readers understand the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Another helpful aspect with the introduction of the superconductivity feature perfect diamagnetism is that the correspondence in the development of the expression of magnetic energy and electric energy is clearly shown. Additionally, the basic mathematical operation and proofs are shown in an appendix, and there is full use of examples and exercises in each chapter with thorough answers.

Physics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Computer engineering. --- Optics and Electrodynamics. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Superconductivity --- Electricity --- Magnetism --- Electromagnetism --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Light & Optics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Galvanism --- Electromagnetics --- Computers --- Physical mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Design and construction --- Mathematics --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Electrical engineering. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Electricity. --- Magnetism. --- Electromagnetism. --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Light --- Materials

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Warm Dense Matter (WDM) occupies a loosely defined region of phase space intermediate between solid, liquid, gas, and plasma, and typically shares characteristics of two or more of these phases. WDM is generally associated with the combination of strongly coupled ions and moderately degenerate electrons, and careful attention to quantum physics and electronic structure is essential. The lack of a small perturbation parameter greatly limits approximate attempts at its accurate description. Since WDM resides at the intersection of solid state and high energy density physics, many high energy density physics (HEDP) experiments pass through this difficult region of phase space. Thus, understanding and modeling WDM is key to the success of experiments on diverse facilities. These include the National Ignition Campaign centered on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), pulsed-power driven experiments on the Z machine, ion-beam-driven WDM experiments on the NDCX-II, and fundamental WDM research at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Warm Dense Matter is also ubiquitous in planetary science and astrophysics, particularly with respect to unresolved questions concerning the structure and age of the gas giants, the nature of exosolar planets, and the cosmochronology of white dwarf stars. In this book we explore established and promising approaches to the modeling of WDM, foundational issues concerning the correct theoretical description of WDM, and the challenging practical issues of numerically modeling strongly coupled systems with many degrees of freedom.

Plasma density. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Density, Plasma --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Computer science. --- Quantum theory. --- Statistical physics. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Quantum Physics. --- Complex Systems. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Informatics --- Science --- Statistical methods --- Computer mathematics. --- Quantum physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Materials

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This thesis presents the results of resonant and non-resonant x-ray scattering experiments demonstrating the control of collective ordering phenomena in epitaxial nickel-oxide and copper-oxide based superlattices. Three outstanding results are reported: (1) LaNiO3-LaAlO3 superlattices with fewer than three consecutive NiO2 layers exhibit a novel spiral spin density wave, whereas superlattices with thicker nickel-oxide layer stacks remain paramagnetic. The magnetic transition is thus determined by the dimensionality of the electron system. The polarization plane of the spin density wave can be tuned by epitaxial strain and spatial confinement of the conduction electrons. (2) Further experiments on the same system revealed an unusual structural phase transition controlled by the overall thickness of the superlattices. The transition between uniform and twin-domain states is confined to the nickelate layers and leaves the aluminate layers unaffected. (3) Superlattices based on the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 exhibit an incommensurate charge density wave order that is stabilized by heterointerfaces. These results suggest that interfaces can serve as a powerful tool to manipulate the interplay between spin order, charge order, and superconductivity in cuprates and other transition metal oxides.

Transition metal oxides. --- X-rays --- Scattering. --- X-ray scattering --- Scattering (Physics) --- Metallic oxides --- Transition metal compounds --- Optical materials. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics --- Materials --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Electronic materials. --- Electronic materials --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry