Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This volume reviews the latest development in production, stabilization and structural analysis techniques of membrane proteins. It contains 14 chapters exploring topics including the advances in heterologous expression systems, stabilization tools and structural methods that contributed to the growing number of recombinant integral membrane protein structures solved in the past few years. Each chapter was written by internationally renowned scientists in the field of membrane proteins structural characterization. Membrane proteins account for roughly 30 percent of all open reading frames in fully sequenced genomes. However, to date, atomic structures have so far been obtained for only 424 integral membrane proteins, with 100 new structures determined in the last two years. Only 10 percent of the unique integral membrane protein structures are derived from vertebrates. In general, integral membrane proteins are present in tissues at very low concentration, making production of recombinant proteins in heterologous systems suitable for large scale production a prerequisite for structural studies. Since the first atomic structures of recombinant mammalian integral membrane proteins published in 2005 (the calcium ATPase SERCA 1A and a voltage-dependent potatium channel), the structures of 37 recombinant mammalian integral membrane proteins, from which 20 belong to the G Protein Coupled Receptors family, have been solved.

Membrane proteins --- Structure. --- Membranes (Biology) --- Proteins --- Cytology. --- Cell membranes. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Membrane Biology. --- Protein Science. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Glycocalyces --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Composition --- Cell biology. --- Cell membranes . --- Proteins . --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is devoted to the fascinating superfamily of plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and their variety of transported substrates. It highlights their exciting biological functions, covering aspects ranging from cellular detoxification, through development, to symbiosis and defense.  Moreover, it also includes a number of chapters that center on ABC transporters from non-Arabidopsis species. ABC proteins are ubiquitous, membrane-intrinsic transporters that catalyze the primary (ATP-dependent) movement of their substrates through biological membranes. Initially identified as an essential aspect of a vacuolar detoxification process, genetic work in the last decade has revealed an unexpectedly diverse variety of ABC transporter substrates, which include not only xenobiotic conjugates, but also heavy metals, lipids, terpenoids, lignols, alkaloids and organic acids. The discovery that members of the ABCB and ABCG family are involved in the movement of phytohormones has further sparked their exploration and provided a new understanding of the whole family. Accordingly, the trafficking, regulation and structure-function of ABCB-type auxin transporters are especially emphasized in this book.

Plant physiology. --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Biochemistry. --- RNA-ligand interactions. --- Cell membranes. --- Plant Physiology. --- Protein Science. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Protein-Ligand Interactions. --- Membrane Biology. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Plant biochemistry. --- Cell membranes . --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) is characterized by abbreviated QT intervals on the electrocardiogram, increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Although several gene mutations have been identified in SQT patients, the role of these mutations in promoting arrhythmogenesis is still not completely understood. Consequently, this thesis employs multidisciplinary approaches to develop a 3D virtual heart, which is then used to elucidate how the short QT syndrome facilitates and maintains ventricular arrhythmias and to determine its effects on ventricular mechanical contraction. The findings in this thesis provide a comprehensive and mechanistic explanation for a number of gene mutations associated with potassium channels in terms of susceptibility to arrhythmia. The multiphysics models developed provide a powerful platform for identifying the root causes of various arrhythmias and investigating therapeutic interventions for these diseases.  The thesis was examined by Prof. Chris Huang of the University of Cambridge, the most authoritative figure in cardiac electrophysiology, who has described the work as “outstanding.”.

Heart --- Ventricles --- Diseases. --- Abnormalities. --- Cell membranes. --- Cardiology. --- Statistical physics. --- Systems Biology. --- Membrane Biology. --- Complex Systems. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Internal medicine --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Diseases --- Statistical methods --- Systems biology. --- Biological systems. --- Cell membranes . --- Dynamical systems. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Biosystems --- Systems, Biological --- Biology --- System theory --- Systems biology --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Biological systems --- Molecular biology --- Philosophy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book provides a molecular view of membrane transport by means of numerous biochemical and biophysical techniques. The rapidly growing number of atomic structures of transporters in different conformations and the constant progress in bioinformatics have recently added deeper insights.   The unifying mechanism of energized solute transport across membranes is assumed to consist of the conformational cycling of a carrier protein to provide access to substrate binding sites from either side of a cellular membrane. Due to the central role of active membrane transport there is considerable interest in deciphering the principles of one of the most fundamental processes in nature: the alternating access mechanism.   This book brings together particularly significant structure-function studies on a variety of carrier systems from different transporter families: Glutamate symporters, LeuT-like fold transporters, MFS transporters and SMR (RND) exporters, as well as ABC-type importers.   The selected examples impressively demonstrate how the combination of functional analysis, crystallography, investigation of dynamics and computational studies has made it possible to create a conclusive picture, or, more precisely, “a molecular movie”. Although we are still far from a complete molecular description of the alternating access mechanism, remarkable progress has been made from static snapshots towards membrane transport dynamics.

Biological transport. --- Life sciences. --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Membrane transport --- Passive transport, Biological --- Physiological transport --- Transport, Biological --- Diffusion --- Osmosis --- Cell membranes. --- Biochemistry. --- Crystallography. --- Bioinformatics. --- Membrane Biology. --- Protein Structure. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Composition --- Data processing --- Cell membranes . --- Proteins . --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biological physics --- Physics --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Phospholipases generate lipid signaling molecules through their hydrolytic action on phospholipids and are known to regulate function of a variety of cells under normal and diseased conditions. While several physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques have identified key players involved in different disease processes, phospholipases have also emerged as critical players in the pathogenesis of a number of different diseases including cancer and heart disease. In addition, phospholipases are also implicated in such conditions as brain disorder/injury, kidney and immune cell dysfunction. Phospholipases in Health and Disease is a compilation of review articles dedicated to the study of the field with respect to biochemical and molecular mechanisms of normal and abnormal cell function. The wide range of area covered here is of interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students, who are engaged in studying pathophysiological basis of a variety of diseases. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of the different phospholipases as therapeutic targets as well as part of prevention strategies. Twenty three articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to emphasize the most characterized forms of the phospholipases in mammalian cells. The first section discusses general aspect of phospholipases. Section two covers the role and function of phospholipase A in different pathophysiological conditions. The third section is focussed on phospholipase C which is believed to play a central role in transmembrane signaling. The final section covers phospholipase D which is present in a variety of different cells. The book illustrates that the activation of phospholipases is of fundamental importance in signal transduction affecting cell function. Overall, this book discusses the diverse mechanisms of phospholipase mediated signal transduction in different pathophysiological conditions and raises the possibility of specific forms of phospholipases serving as novel targets for drug development.

Phospholipases. --- Life sciences. --- Enzymology. --- Receptors. --- Biochemistry --- Enzymes --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Esterases --- Lipids. --- Medicine. --- Enzymes. --- Cell receptors. --- Neurosciences. --- Cell membranes. --- Lipidology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Membrane Biology. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Proteins --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Enzymology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Lipides --- Lipins --- Lipoids --- Biomolecules --- Steroids --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biology. --- Proteins . --- Cell membranes . --- Proteids --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biophysics --- Systems biology --- Medicine --- Biology --- Proteins. --- Biological transport. --- Biomedical Research. --- Neuroscience. --- Membrane Trafficking. --- Research. --- Membrane transport --- Passive transport, Biological --- Physiological transport --- Transport, Biological --- Diffusion --- Osmosis --- Biological research --- Biomedical research