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Atmosphere, Upper.

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La pollution de l’air extérieur tue plus de trois millions de personnes dans le monde chaque année, et elle est à l’origine de problèmes de santé, allant de l’asthme aux maladies cardiovasculaires chez un plus grand nombre de personnes encore. Pour les pays de l’OCDE ainsi que pour la Chine et l’Inde, le coût de ces impacts est estimé à 3 500 milliards USD par an en termes de mortalité et de morbidité, et la tendance est à la hausse. En se basant sur les nouvelles données épidémiologiques depuis l’étude de l’OMS sur la charge mondiale de morbidité en 2010, ainsi que sur les estimations de l’OCDE sur la valeur d’une vie statistique, ce rapport démontre que les impacts sanitaires de la pollution de l’air sont approximativement quatre fois plus élevés, et leurs coûts économiques considérablement plus importants, que les évaluations précédentes.

Air --- Pollution --- Health aspects. --- Environmental aspects. --- Atmosphere

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This rigorous yet accessible text introduces the key physical and biochemical processes involved in plant interactions with the aerial environment. It is designed to make the more numerical aspects of the subject accessible to plant and environmental science students, and will also provide a valuable reference source to practitioners and researchers in the field. The third edition of this widely recognised text has been completely revised and updated to take account of key developments in the field. Approximately half of the references are new to this edition and relevant online resources are also incorporated for the first time. The recent proliferation of molecular and genetic research on plants is related to whole plant responses, showing how these new approaches can advance our understanding of the biophysical interactions between plants and the atmosphere. Remote sensing technologies and their applications in the study of plant function are also covered in greater detail.

Vegetation and climate --- Plant-atmosphere relationships --- Plant ecophysiology --- Mathematical models.

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Atmosphere --- Water temperature --- Atmospheric temperature --- Evapotranspiration --- Precipitation (Meteorology) --- Research --- Computer simulation.

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The rationale for publishing a second edition of this monograph is that this area of research continues to show remarkable advancement. The new generation of synthetic aperture radar satellites provided unprecedented spatial resolution of the sea surface features. In addition, satellites to measure sea surface salinity have been launched. Computational fluid dynamic models open new opportunities in understanding the processes in the near-surface layer of the ocean and their visibility from space. Passive acoustic methods for monitoring short surface waves have significantly progressed. Estimation of the errors in satellite measurements of long-term global sea surface temperature trends due to processes in the near-surface layer of the ocean has become important for climate research. Due to growing applications of the results, it is anticipated that more students are going to be trained in this area of research. Therefore this second edition of the monograph is closer to a textbook format.

Ocean-atmosphere interaction. --- Hydrodynamics. --- Chemical oceanography. --- Ocean waves. --- Ocean temperature. --- Earth sciences. --- Oceanography. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Fluids. --- Environmental sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Math. Appl. in Environmental Science. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Ocean --- Sea temperature --- Seawater --- Water temperature --- Breakers --- Sea waves --- Surf --- Swell --- Oceanography --- Water waves --- Marine chemistry --- Water chemistry --- Fluid dynamics --- Air-sea interaction --- Air-sea interactions --- Atmosphere-ocean interaction --- Atmosphere-ocean interactions --- Atmospheric-oceanic interactions --- Interaction of atmosphere and ocean --- Interactions of atmosphere and ocean --- Ocean-meteorological relations --- Oceanic-atmospheric interactions --- Sea-air interaction --- Sea-air interactions --- Marine meteorology --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Temperature --- Environmental science --- Science --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Atmospheric sciences --- Atmosphere