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State, The, in literature. --- Communities in literature. --- Politics and literature --- Aesthetics --- History --- Political aspects --- State, The, in literature --- Communities in literature --- Politics and literature - Germany - History - 19th century --- Aesthetics - Political aspects - Germany --- Community life in literature
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This paper investigates the use of works of art as metaphors in language and art. Starting from Orwell's own ideals regarding the use of metaphor in political language, the prevalence of 1984 as a metaphor is considered. Endless examples of references to 1984 in the context of the NSA are available. The conclusion is that 1984 is overused, and therefore in danger of becoming a dead or 'dying metaphor'. By becoming a dying metaphor, the metaphor loses its power and its relevance; it is hollowed out. This is critical for a work of art that has such societal impact as 1984. In the second half of the paper, other possibilities to keep the message of 1984 alive and fresh are examined. This paper proposes that the best option is to turn 1984 into new works of art, which can be done in multiple ways. The method that is discussed in detail is the use of parody. Parody is a way for artists to reconcile the past with the present and to deal with the artistic tradition they place themselves in. Through ironic difference between the new and the old, artists create a new message using existing works of art. This irony can be directed at the original work or, as in the case with 1984, extra-mural elements. One example will be worked out as a case study in this regard: The Circle, by Dave Eggers. By pointing out similarities and differences between 1984 and The Circle, it will be clear that The Circle parodies 1984, and with what purpose it does so.
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