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People in many African communities live within a series of concentric circles when it comes to language. In a small group, a speaker uses an often unwritten and endangered mother tongue that is rarely used in school. A national indigenous language-written, widespread, sometimes used in school-surrounds it. An international language like French or English, a vestige of colonialism, carries prestige, is used in higher education, and promises mobility-and yet it will not be well known by its users. The essays in Languages in Africa explore the layers of African multilingualism as they affect lang

African languages --- Language policy --- Native language and education --- Multilingualism --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Native language --- Education --- Language and education --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Social aspects --- Government policy --- Use in schools --- Language policy. --- Multilingualism. --- Native language and education. --- Social aspects. --- Africa.