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Higher education plays an important role in providing people with skills for innovation, but a number of important questions remain as to what kind of higher education teaching can be conducive to the strengthening of skills for innovation. This report aims to shed light on this issue by reviewing the current evidence on the effectiveness of problem-based learning compared with more traditional approaches in higher education teaching. It explores the extent to which problem-based learning can be an effective way to develop different discipline-specific and transferable skills for innovation. Research, primarily from the field of medicine, shows that problem-based learning appears to be beneficial in fostering certain aspects of skills for innovation. In addition, the report explores the literature on direct teaching behaviours that may help foster student learning in more traditional teaching settings. Despite the promising evidence linking problem-based learning and effective teaching in higher education to certain aspects of skills for innovation, more work is needed in this area. There is strong potential for further research to provide additional important insights into the development of skills for innovation.

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This publication presents new measures and new ways of looking at traditional indicators, going beyond R & D to describe the broader context in which innovation occurs. It includes some experimental indicators that provide insight into new areas of policy interest. It highlights measurement gaps and proposes directions for advancing the measurement agenda. First looking at what is driving innovation in firms, and how the scientific and research landscape is being reconfigured by convergence, interdisciplinarity and the new geography of innovation hot spots, it presents broader measures of innovation, for example using new indicators of investment in intangible assets and trademarks. Human capital is the basic input of innovation, and a series of indicators looks at how well education systems are contributing to the knowledge and research bases. Further series examine how firms transform skills and knowledge, and shed light on the different roles of public and private investment in fostering innovation and reaping its rewards, with concrete examples from major global challenges such as health and climate change. The publication is a step towards evidence-based innovation policy making. It complements traditional "positioning"--Type indicators with ones that show how innovation is, or could be, linked to policy.

Research on teaching --- Science --- Methods in social research (general) --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.6 --- 338.043 --- #SBIB:303H60 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A27 --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Bijzondere methoden: algemeen --- Ontwikkeling van de industriële structuur: innovatie --- Technological innovations --- Economic aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Computers --- Technological innovations.