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The metabolism of sulfur especially by sulfurtransferases had been intensively studied in mid 1900’s.  Three enzymes, cystathionine β–synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ–lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) were found to have the capacity to produce H2S in vitro.  However, H2S was recognized simply as a by-product of the metabolic pathways or as a marker for evaluating the activity of enzymes rather than as a physiological active molecule.   In the late 1980’s relatively high concentrations of sulfide were measured in the brain that led to the successive studies of identifying the physiological functions of H2S.  Recently, the steady-state concentrations of H2S have been re-evaluated and found to be much less than that initially measured.  However, despite these differences, such re-evaluations served to further confirm the existence of H2S in mammalian tissues.  H2S is produced in almost every organ and plays various roles such as neuromodulation, vasodilation, insulin release, inflammation, angiogenesis and cytoprotection. The unregulated production of H2S and improper responses of target molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases.  This book focuses on these topics as well as on the recent progress in the biology and the therapeutic development of this molecule.

General biochemistry --- Biology --- Human biochemistry --- Toxicology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Pathological biochemistry --- Neuropathology --- H (waterstof) --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biologie --- multimedia --- toxicologie --- moleculaire biologie --- enzymen

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The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the ""green"" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes us

General biochemistry --- Industrial chemistry --- Biotechnology --- katalyse --- katalysatoren --- biomassa --- H (waterstof) --- biobrandstoffen --- biodiesel --- hernieuwbare energie --- witte biotechnologie --- groene chemie --- groene biotechnologie --- biorefinery --- biochemie --- groene economie --- biotechnologie --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- enzymen --- chemische processen --- Biomass energy. --- Catalysis.

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Governments are setting challenging targets to increase the production of energy and transport fuel from sustainable sources. The emphasis is increasingly on renewable sources including wind, solar, geothermal, biomass based biofuel, photovoltaics or energy recovery from waste. What are the environmental consequences of adopting these other sources? How do these various sources compare to each other? Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources tries to answer these questions based on the universally adopted method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This book introduces the concept and importance of LCA in the framework of renewable energy sources and discusses the key issues in conducting their LCA. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of LCA for some of the most common bioenergy sources such as agricultural production systems for biogas and bioethanol, biogas from grass, biodiesel from palm oil, biodiesel from used cooking oil and animal fat, Jatropha biodiesel, lignocellulosic bioethanol, ethanol from cassava and sugarcane molasses, residential photovoltaic systems, wind energy, microalgal biodiesel, biohydrogen and biomethane. Through real examples, the versatility of LCA is well emphasized. Written by experts all over the globe, the book is a cornucopia of information on LCA of bioenergy systems and provides a platform for stimulation of new ideas and thoughts. The book is targeted at practitioners of LCA and will become a useful tool for researchers working on different aspects of bioenergy.

Thermodynamics --- Relation between energy and economics --- Relation between energy and economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Production management --- ethanol --- biogas --- biomassa --- H (waterstof) --- methaan --- thermodynamica --- biobrandstoffen --- duurzame energie --- energie-economie --- hernieuwbare energie --- bio-energie --- palmolie --- energie (technologie) --- duurzame ontwikkeling

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop “The Black Sea: Strategy for Addressing its Energy Resource Development and Hydrogen Energy Problems” was held in order to evaluate the Black Sea Region’s environment, discuss the ways and means of protecting it, and to evaluate the methods of production of the energy carrier, hydrogen. Papers presented at the workshop, proposed various methods of hydrogen production from the hydrogen sulfide, from marine macro algae and other bacteria, storage and utilization of hydrogen, oil spills and pollutants in the Black Sea, degradation of the sea and the land around the region, and ways and means of protecting the environment. The workshop participants unanimously expressed the need to establish close cooperation amongst the Region’s countries regarding the development of its energy resources, and at the same time protecting its environment. These recommendations have been put together in the Batumi Manifesto. This book entitled “Black Sea Energy Resource Development and Hydrogen Energy Problems” puts together the papers presented at the workshop, starting with the Batumi Manifesto. This valuable volume should be in the libraries of all the scientists, engineers, environmentalists, economists and decision makers involved in the development of the Black Sea Region and in the introduction of clean and abundant Hydrogen Energy.

Thermodynamics --- Relation between energy and economics --- Relation between energy and economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Production management --- H (waterstof) --- thermodynamica --- algen --- duurzame energie --- energie-economie --- hernieuwbare energie --- energie (technologie) --- duurzame ontwikkeling

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The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the ""green"" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes us

General biochemistry --- Industrial chemistry --- Biotechnology --- katalyse --- katalysatoren --- biomassa --- H (waterstof) --- biobrandstoffen --- biodiesel --- hernieuwbare energie --- witte biotechnologie --- groene chemie --- groene biotechnologie --- biorefinery --- biochemie --- groene economie --- biotechnologie --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- enzymen --- chemische processen --- Biomass energy. --- Catalysis. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Energy conversion --- Fuel --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Biochemistry. --- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences. Engineering --- Energy --- Bioenergy. --- Energy crops --- Chemistry --- Chemical Engineering --- Biomass as fuel --- Renewable fuels --- Renewable energy sources