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Ancient Greek literature, Athenian civic ideology, and modern classical scholarship have all worked together to reinforce the idea that there were three neatly defined status groups in classical Athens--citizens, slaves, and resident foreigners. But this book--the first comprehensive account of status in ancient democratic Athens--clearly lays out the evidence for a much broader and more complex spectrum of statuses, one that has important implications for understanding Greek social and cultural history. By revealing a social and legal reality otherwise masked by Athenian ideology, Deborah Kamen illuminates the complexity of Athenian social structure, uncovers tensions between democratic ideology and practice, and contributes to larger questions about the relationship between citizenship and democracy. Each chapter is devoted to one of ten distinct status groups in classical Athens (451/0-323 BCE): chattel slaves, privileged chattel slaves, conditionally freed slaves, resident foreigners (metics), privileged metics, bastards, disenfranchised citizens, naturalized citizens, female citizens, and male citizens. Examining a wide range of literary, epigraphic, and legal evidence, as well as factors not generally considered together, such as property ownership, corporal inviolability, and religious rights, the book demonstrates the important legal and social distinctions that were drawn between various groups of individuals in Athens. At the same time, it reveals that the boundaries between these groups were less fixed and more permeable than Athenians themselves acknowledged. The book concludes by trying to explain why ancient Greek literature maintains the fiction of three status groups despite a far more complex reality.

Social status --- Social standing --- Socio-economic status --- Socioeconomic status --- Standing, Social --- Status, Social --- History. --- Athens (Greece) --- Greece --- Social conditions. --- Social conditions --- Power (Social sciences) --- Prestige

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Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) was an elite villager in Echigo, a snowy province of Japan. Crossing Boundaries in Tokugawa Society presents a vivid picture of the life and world of this rural commoner, focusing on his interaction with the changing social and cultural environment of the late Tokugawa period (1603-1868). Bokushi's life and texts challenge notions of the rigidity of social boundaries between the urban and the rural, between social statuses, and between cultural and intellectual communities. However, his activities were still restrained by the external environment because of geographical remoteness, infrastractural limitations, political restrictions, cultural norms and the complexities of human relationships. His life exemplifies both the potentiality and the restraint of his historical moment for a well-placed member of the rural elite.

Social mobility --- Social structure --- Social status --- Social standing --- Socio-economic status --- Socioeconomic status --- Standing, Social --- Status, Social --- Power (Social sciences) --- Prestige --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Mobility, Social --- History --- Suzuki, Bokushi, --- Suzuki, Gisanji, --- Bokushi, Suzuki, --- 鈴木牧之, --- Japan --- Social conditions

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J4200.80 --- J4000.60 --- J2284.60 --- Social mobility --- -Social mobility --- -Social structure --- -Social status --- -Social standing --- Socio-economic status --- Socioeconomic status --- Standing, Social --- Status, Social --- Power (Social sciences) --- Prestige --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Mobility, Social --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social classes and groups, social systems and discrimination -- history --- Japan: Social history, history of civilization -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Japan: Genealogy and biography -- biographies -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- History -&delete& --- 18th century --- 19th century --- Suzuki, Bukoshi, 1770-1842 --- Japan --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Social conditions --- -History --- -Biography. --- -Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social classes and groups, social systems and discrimination -- history --- History --- -18th century --- -19th century --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- Suzuki, Bokushi