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La fourniture de biens publics agro-environnementaux par l’action collective passe en revue l’expérience de plusieurs pays Membres de l’OCDE dans le but d’analyser comment l’action collective peut être efficace pour promouvoir la fourniture de biens publics agroenvironnementaux, tels que la biodiversité et les paysages. L’étude porte sur vingt-cinq cas dans 13 pays (Australie, Belgique, Canada, Finlande, France, Allemagne, Italie, Japon, Pays-Bas, Nouvelle-Zélande, Espagne, Suède et Royaume-Uni). L’étude montre que l’action collective est une voie à envisager sérieusement pour traiter de nombreux problèmes liés à l’agriculture et aux ressources naturelles, et qu’elle devrait être expressément encouragée dans certaines situations.

Agriculture -- Environmental aspects. --- Public goods. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Agriculture --- Environmental aspects. --- Goods, Public --- Environmental protection --- Finance, Public --- Welfare economics --- Free rider problem (Economics)

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Welfare economics, scope and performance of government, externalities, public goods, cost-benefit analysis, subsidies economize on spending without losing effectiveness by modifying the conceptual framework guiding state expenditures. The familiar framework says that state intervention is justified when the spending provides public goods or when the intervention addresses externalities, provided the social return is above a threshold. This paper argues that another consideration needs to be brought into the mix - whether, in spite of the externalities, the private sector has an incentive to undertake the activity. It is argued that these two considerations together define a more efficient framework under which to justify state intervention. According to this modified framework, even a benign state interested in social welfare would not in fact address every externality nor necessarily select expenditures with the highest social returns. These points are summarized in a graph which is then used to analyze policy rules, subsidies and effective interaction between the state and the private sector. It is hoped that this paper points to the kind of information that needs to be collected and acted upon so that states may achieve their goals more effectively.

Public investments. --- Welfare economics. --- Cost effectiveness. --- Benefit cost analysis --- Capital output ratios --- Cost benefit analysis --- Costs, Industrial --- Engineering economy --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- Government investments --- Investments, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Investments --- Capital budget --- Economic development projects --- Investment of public funds --- Finance --- Public investments --- Welfare economics --- Cost effectiveness --- Subsidies --- Public goods --- Business subsidies --- Corporate subsidies --- Corporate welfare --- Government subsidies --- Grants --- Subventions --- Vouchers (Subsidies) --- Welfare, Corporate --- Government aid --- Foreign trade promotion --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Goods, Public --- Finance, Public --- Free rider problem (Economics) --- E-books --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Allocative Efficiency --- Cost-Benefit Analysis --- Externalities --- Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Redistributive Effects --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Public finance & taxation --- Civil service & public sector --- Public investment spending --- Public sector --- Return on investment --- Private investment --- Expenditure --- Economic sectors --- National accounts --- Saving and investment --- United States