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This paper discusses the findings of the assessments on Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision in India. The Reserve Bank of India is to be commended for its tightly controlled regulatory and supervisory regime, consisting of higher than minimum capital requirements; frequent, hands-on, and comprehensive onsite inspections; and a conservative liquidity risk policy and restrictions on banks’ capacity to take on more volatile exposures. Despite this strong performance, several gaps and constraints in the implementation of the regulatory and supervision framework remain. The most significant gaps are in the area of international and, to a lesser extent, domestic supervisory information sharing and cooperation.

Banking law --- India --- Economic conditions. --- Banks and Banking --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Banking --- Financial services law & regulation --- Capital adequacy requirements --- Bank supervision --- Commercial banks --- Market risk --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial institutions --- Operational risk --- Banks and banking --- Asset requirements --- State supervision --- Financial risk management

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Banks may be unable to refinance short-term liabilities in case of solvency concerns. To manage this risk, banks can accumulate a buffer of liquid assets, or strengthen transparency to communicate solvency. While a liquidity buffer provides complete insurance against small shocks, transparency covers also large shocks but imperfectly. Due to leverage, an unregulated bank may choose insufficient liquidity buffers and transparency. The regulatory response is constained: while liquidity buffers can be imposed, transparency is not verifiable. Moreover, liquidity requirements can compromise banks' transparency choices, and increase refinancing risk. To be effective, liquidity requirements should be complemented by measures that increase bank incentives to adopt transparency.

Bank liquidity --- Risk management --- Insurance --- Management --- Liquidity (Economics) --- Econometric models. --- Econometric models --- E-books --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Bankruptcy --- Liquidation --- Financial services law & regulation --- Banking --- Finance --- Liquidity requirements --- Liquidity risk --- Hedging --- Bank solvency --- Banks and banking --- State supervision --- Financial risk management

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This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Compliance on the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision on Singapore. The assessment of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) represents a very high level of compliance with the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision and demonstrates a strong commitment by MAS to their implementation. MAS is well aware of the risks posed by a financial system that is significantly larger than the economy of Singapore. MAS has also set a high standard for approving foreign entrants, applying the same prudential framework to foreign branches as to its own locally incorporated banks.

Banks and banking -- Singapore. --- Finance -- Singapore. --- Monetary policy -- Singapore. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Banking --- Banks and banking --- Agricultural banks --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Financial services law & regulation --- Monetary economics --- Market risk --- Credit risk --- Stress testing --- Liquidity risk --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Credit --- Operational risk --- Financial risk management --- Singapore

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This Technical Note analyzes financial risk management and supervision of Cassa Di Compensazione e Garanzia S.P.A. (CC&G) in Italy. CC&G, the Italian central counterparty (CCP), is systemically important for the Italian market, and through the link with the French CCP, it is also relevant in terms of cross-border financial stability. CC&G’s financial risk management framework is being improved further to comply with European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) requirements. The main changes that CC&G needs to implement include higher “skin in the game” resources, the introduction of concentration limits on collateral, the reform of its liquidity management and of its investment policy, and introduction of individual client account segregation.

Financial crises --- Financial institutions --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Public Finance --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Finance --- Public finance & taxation --- Financial services law & regulation --- Central counterparty clearing house --- Financial instruments --- PFM information systems --- Liquidity risk --- Liquidity --- Financial markets --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Asset and liability management --- Clearinghouses --- Banking --- Finance, Public --- Financial risk management --- Economics --- Italy

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En todos los países, emergentes y avanzados, se requieren mecanismos eficaces para aplicar políticas micro y macroprudenciales a fin de promover la estabilidad financiera global. Ambas políticas se complementan mutuamente, pero también puede haber aspectos en que se superpongan o entren en conflicto, lo cual complica esa relación de complementación. Se pueden evitar estas posibles tensiones organizando la interacción estrecha entre ambas políticas. En esta nota se aclaran las características esenciales de las políticas macroprudenciales y microprudenciales y sus interacciones, y se describen sus respectivos alcances. Se proponen mecanismos para armonizar ambas políticas con el fin de lograr la estabilidad financiera, identificando los elementos ideales para que haya una complementación efectiva entre ambas políticas. Esta nota suministra orientación general. Al determinar los mecanismos concretos deberán tenerse en cuenta las circunstancias específicas de cada país, considerando que no hay una solución única para todos los casos.

Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Money Supply --- Credit --- Money Multipliers --- Policy Objectives --- Policy Designs and Consistency --- Policy Coordination --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Finance --- Microeconomics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Macroprudential policy --- Systemic risk --- Microprudential policy --- Countercyclical capital buffers --- Financial sector stability --- Economic policy --- Financial risk management --- Asset requirements --- Financial services industry --- United Kingdom