Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Police organizations in several Northern and Western European countries have recently witnessed fundamental reforms to their structures as well as to their relationships with governments.Many (but not all) of these macro-level reforms can be understood as forms of centralization. New or strengthened national police organizations have been created, with new territorial arrangements for delivering police services, involving the establishment of new structures of police governance and accountability. Written by highly experienced researchers, the essays in Centralizing Forces? Reveal intriguing similarities and differences in police reform in eight European countries: France, Denmark, Finland, Belgium, England and Wales, Scotland, the Netherlands and Sweden.The chapters examine the nature and dimensions of police reform and the importance of the political, cultural, social and economic contexts in which reform is happening. Despite some significant similarities in the reform process, the book also illustrates that there are important differences in the backgrounds, nature and consequences of police reform. Police reform is therefore strongly context dependent, not only in its underling drivers and motives, but also in its cultural meaning and the resulting problems and challenges. The cumulative product of these insights is evidence of how police reform is strongly linked to changing views about the role of the police in contemporary society, the shifting balance of power relations between key actors, and on political assumptions about the preferred relationships between the public police and national governments.This book therefore provides critical insights into police reform in different national contexts and a snapshot of a dynamic European policing landscape in which the contours of the relationships between police organizations, governments and citizens are being redrawn.

Danemark --- Finlande --- Belgique --- Royaume-Uni --- Pays-Bas --- Siède

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Each year, the number of serious accidents with devastating consequences for the environment continues to grow. Legal issues arising from such incidents highlight the impact of environmental damage not only on people and places, but on the interests of those held responsible. Moreover, it is now a truism to assert that pollution does not respect national frontiers – a perspective that greatly complicates matters of standing and jurisdiction. In this context the law of tort, whether it occurs through case law developments or legislative intervention, comes to the fore. In the decade since the appearance of the first edition of this seminal work, the author has discerned indications that the debate on the role of tort in environmental law has moved on from the pros and cons of specific proposals to a more systemic approach. As litigants continue to test tort-based principles, some in hitherto uncharted waters such as climate change, the prospect of establishing tort as a component in a system of environmental protection has come to the fore. In this thoroughly revised and updated edition, the author has sharpened his focus on such aspects of this emerging system as the following : climate change litigation; maritime pollution; nuclear liability; GMO liability; and implications of especially significant cases such as Deepwater Horizon, Niger Delta litigation, and Fukushima. Through a detailed analysis of the fundamental nature of tort and the wider arguments concern-ing its proper function in modern society, this book offers compelling conclusions regarding how tort can play a part in developing a public trust doctrine in environmental law. No one with an interest in the development of environmental law can afford to ignore it.

Comparative law --- Liability for environmental damages --- Droit comparé --- Responsabilité pour dommages à l'environnement --- Environmental damages, Liability for --- Environmental law --- Liability (Law) --- Torts --- Droit comparé --- Responsabilité pour dommages à l'environnement --- Liability for environmental damages - Europe --- Liability for environmental damages - United States --- Etats-Unis --- Suède --- Allemagne --- Finlande --- Danemark --- Royaume-Uni --- Autriche --- France --- Pays-Bas

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Value-added tax --- Government business enterprises --- Corporations, Government --- Law and legislation --- Taxation --- Law and legislation. --- Value-added tax - Law and legislation --- Government business enterprises - Taxation - Law and legislation --- Corporations, Government - Taxation - Law and legislation --- Suède --- Canada --- Royaume-Uni --- Finlande --- France --- Norvège --- Pays-Bas --- Portugal --- Nouvelle-Zélande --- Australie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Autonomy provides a framework that allows for regions within countries to exercise self-government beyond the extent available to other sub-state units. This book presents detailed case studies of thirteen such autonomies from around the world, in which noted experts on each outline the constitutional, legal and institutional frameworks as well as how these arrangements have worked in practice to protect minority rights and prevent secession of the territories in question. The volume's editors draw on the case studies to provide a comparative analysis of how autonomy works and the political and institutional conditions under which it is likely to become a workable arrangement for management of the differences that brought it into being.

Autonomy --- Self-determination, National --- National self-determination --- Nationalism --- Nation-state --- Nationalities, Principle of --- Sovereignty --- Independence --- Self-government --- International law --- Political science --- Law --- General and Others --- Autonomy - Case studies --- Self-determination, National - Case studies --- Canada --- Finlande --- Porto Rico --- Italie --- Macao --- Papouasie-Nouvelle Guinée --- Inde --- Pakistan --- Chine --- Ile Norfolk --- Espagne --- Tanzanie --- Bosnie-Herzégovine --- Hong Kong --- Royaume-Uni

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Corporation law --- Business enterprises --- Law and legislation --- Sociétés --- Principes généraux du droit --- Droit --- Business organizations --- Businesses --- Companies --- Enterprises --- Firms --- Organizations, Business --- Business --- Company law --- Corporate law --- Corporations --- Law, Corporation --- Trusts, Industrial --- Commercial law --- Law --- Principes généraux du droit. --- Corporation law - Europe --- Business enterprises - Law and legislation - Europe --- Corporation law - European Union countries --- Business enterprises - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Suisse --- Pologne --- Portugal --- Royaume-Uni --- Belgique --- Autriche --- Allemagne --- France --- Italie --- Espagne --- Pays-Bas --- République tchèque --- Finlande --- Suède --- Danemark