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Law --- Social justice --- Distributive justice --- Droit --- Justice sociale --- Justice distributive --- Philosophy --- Philosophie

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La notion de justice sociale a suscité durant les dernières décennies d’intenses débats en philosophie morale et politique, surtout depuis la publication de la Théorie de la justice de John Rawls (Seuil, 1987). Dans cet ouvrage, Michael Walzer défend une conception rivale de celle du contractualisme de Rawls et propose une théorie radicalement pluraliste de la justice. Reprenant la conception pascalienne des « ordres », il soutient qu’il existe des sphères de justice distinctes, correspondant chacune à une conception particulière d’un type de bien entretenue au sein d’une communauté donnée, et relevant de critères de distribution spécifiques. Ce qui vaut dans la sphère économique ne se laisse pas transférer dans la sphère de l’éducation, ou dans celle du pouvoir politique ; les loisirs, la famille, et même la grâce divine ont chacun leur « sphère » propre. Contre l’égalitarisme « simple » qui vise à distribuer les biens de manière égale à moins que ce soit à l’avantage de tous d’admettre une inégalité, Walzer propose une théorie de l’« égalité complexe » : une société régie selon ce principe est une société dans laquelle aucun type de bien ne peut dominer les autres. Tout passage illégitime d’une sphère à une autre conduit à une forme spécifique de tyrannie. À travers une série d’enquêtes concrètes et originales, attentives au détail des manières dont les communautés ont forgé, à travers l’histoire, leurs systèmes de valeurs et de règles, Walzer propose ce qu’il appelle un « socialisme démocratique décentralisé », et jette les bases d’une philosophie politique adaptée à un monde de valeurs conflictuelles.

Equality --- Pluralism (Social sciences) --- Distributive justice --- Cultural pluralism --- Justice distributive --- Égalite (Sociologie) --- Pluralisme --- Justice distributive. --- Égalité. --- Diversité culturelle. --- Égalité. --- Diversité culturelle.

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All advanced democracies have faced the pressures of globalization, technological change, and new family forms, which have generated higher levels of inequality in market incomes. But countries have responded differently, reflecting differences in their domestic politics. The politics of who gets what and why is at the core of this volume, the first to examine this question in an explicitly Canadian context. In Inequality and the Fading of Redistributive Politics, leading political scientists, sociologists, and economists point to the failure of public policy to contain surging income inequality. Government programs are no longer offsetting the growth in inequality generated by the market, and Canadian society has become more unequal. The redistributive state is fading due to powerful forces that have reshaped the politics of social policy, including global economic pressures, ideological change, shifts in the influence of business and labour, changes in the party system, and the decline of equality-seeking civil society organizations. This volume demonstrates conclusively that action and inaction -- policy change and policy drift -- are at the heart of growing inequality, calling into question Canada's record as a kinder, gentler nation.

Equality --- Welfare economics. --- Distributive justice --- Canada --- Social policy. --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Justice --- Social justice --- Wealth --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Equality - Canada --- Welfare economics --- Distributive justice - Canada --- Canada - Social policy --- Politics and culture. --- Citizenship.

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Defining an institution as a public system of rules that sets out positions, rights and duties, this book uses a philosophical argument to analyse the roles that social, economic and political institutions play in conditioning the justification, scope and content of principles of justice. It critically evaluates a number of positions about the role of institutions in generating requirements of distributive justice and considers their implications for the scope ́€" global or otherwise ́€" of justice. It then develops a novel theory about the role political and economic institutions play in determining the content of requirements of distributive justice and, in a cosmopolitan argument against statist positions, shows how they can affect the scope of application of these requirements.

Distributive justice. --- Social responsibility of business. --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Business --- Corporate accountability --- Corporate responsibility --- Corporate social responsibility --- Corporations --- CSR (Corporate social responsibility) --- Industries --- Social responsibility, Corporate --- Social responsibility of industry --- Business ethics --- Issues management --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Justice --- Social justice --- Wealth --- Institutions, associations, etc. --- Networks (Associations, institutions, etc.) --- Organizations --- Voluntary associations --- Voluntary organizations --- Social groups --- Voluntarism --- Social aspects. --- Social responsibility --- Social aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Distributive justice --- Social responsibility of business --- Associations, institutions, etc --- E-books

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What does it mean to be disadvantaged? Is it possible to compare different disadvantages? What should governments do to move their societies in the direction of equality, where equality is to be understood both in distributional and social terms? Linking rigorous analytical philosophical theory with broad empirical studies, including interviews conducted for the purpose of this book, Wolff and de-Shalit show how taking theory and practice together is essential if the theory is to berich enough to be applied to the real world, and policy systematic enough to have purpose and justification. The

Marginality, Social --- People with social disabilities --- Equality --- Distributive justice --- Social policy --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Culturally deprived people --- Culturally disadvantaged people --- Disadvantaged people, Culturally --- Disadvantaged people, Socially --- People with cultural disabilities --- Socially disadvantaged people --- Socially handicapped --- Underprivileged people --- People with disabilities --- Exclusion, Social --- Marginal peoples --- Social exclusion --- Social marginality --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Culture conflict --- Social isolation --- Sociology --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Justice --- Social justice --- Wealth --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Human rights --- Social ethics --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Sociology of minorities --- Marginality, Social. --- People with social disabilities. --- Equality. --- Distributive justice. --- Social policy.