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There has been an "ethical turn" in the literature, culture, and theory of recent years. Questions of morality are urgent at a time of increasing global insecurities. Yet it is becoming ever more difficult to make ethical judgments in multicultural, relativist societies. The European economic meltdown has raised further ethical difficulties, widening the gap between rich and poor. Such divisions and difficulties heighten the widespread fear of "the other"in its various manifestations. And in the German context especially, the past and its representation offer ongoing moral challenges. These ethical concerns have found their way into recent German-language literature and culture in texts that deal with history and memory (Timm, Petzold, Schoch, Strubel); materiality (Krau, Overath); gender (Berg, Schneider); age and generation (Moster, Pehnt, Schalansky); religion, especially Islam (Senocak, Kermani, Ruete); and nomadism (Tawada). The relationship between self and other; the connection between particular and general; the personal and political consequences of individuals' actions; and the potential, and danger, of representation itself are issues that are vital to the shaping of our future ethical landscapes, as this volume demonstrates. Contributors: Monika Albrecht, Angelika Baier, David N. Coury, Anna Ertel & Tilmann Ko̘ppe, Emily Jeremiah, Alasdair King, Frauke Matthes, Aine McMurtry, Gillian Pye, Kate Roy. Emily Jeremiah is Senior Lecturer in German at Royal Holloway, University of London. Frauke Matthes is Lecturer in German at the University of Edinburgh.

Ethics in literature. --- Literature and society --- German literature --- Austrian literature --- Swiss literature (German) --- History and criticism. --- Age and generation. --- Contemporary. --- Culture. --- Ethical. --- European economic meltdown. --- Gender. --- German-language. --- Global insecurities. --- History and memory. --- Islam. --- Literature. --- Materiality. --- Multicultural societies. --- Nomadism. --- Personal and political consequences. --- Religion. --- Representation. --- Rich and poor. --- Self and other.

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This paper draws on existing empirical literature and an original theoretical model to argue that globalization and skill supply affect the extent to which technology adoption in developing countries favors skilled workers. Developing countries are experiencing technical change that is skill-biased because skill-biased technologies are becoming relatively cheaper. Increased skill supply further biases technical change in favor of skilled labor. Free trade induces technology that favors skilled workers in skill-abundant developing countries and that favors unskilled workers in skill-scarce developing countries, and therefore amplifies the predicted wage effects of trade liberalization. These features aid our understanding of the observed rises in inequality within developing countries and the absence of a significant downward effect of expanded educational attainment on skill premia. They also help account for the large and differential effects of trade liberalization on inequality. These findings are pertinent for the Middle East and North Africa because of its recent increase in trade openness and remarkable rise in educational attainment.

Skilled labor --- Diffusion of innovations --- Technological innovations --- Innovations, Diffusion of --- Acculturation --- Communication --- Culture diffusion --- Labor --- Economic aspects --- Equality --- Labor market --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Econometric models --- Supply and demand --- E-books --- Macroeconomics --- Education: General --- Labor Demand --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Wage Level and Structure --- Wage Differentials --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Professional Labor Markets --- Occupational Licensing --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Technology --- general issues --- Income inequality --- Wages --- Unskilled labor --- National accounts --- Income distribution --- Tunisia

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"The Essential Hirschman brings together some of the finest essays in the social sciences, written by one of the twentieth century's most influential and provocative thinkers. Albert O. Hirschman was a master essayist, one who possessed the rare ability to blend the precision of economics with the elegance of literary imagination. In an age in which our academic disciplines require ever-greater specialization and narrowness, it is rare to encounter an intellectual who can transform how we think about inequality by writing about traffic, or who can slip in a quote from Flaubert to reveal something surprising about taxes. The essays gathered here span an astonishing range of topics and perspectives, including industrialization in Latin America, imagining reform as more than repair, the relationship between imagination and leadership, routine thinking and the marketplace, and the ways our arguments affect democratic life. Throughout, we find humor, unforgettable metaphors, brilliant analysis, and elegance of style that give Hirschman such a singular voice.Featuring an introduction by Jeremy Adelman that places each of these essays in context as well as an insightful afterword by Emma Rothschild and Amartya Sen, The Essential Hirschman is the ideal introduction to Hirschman for a new generation of readers and a must-have collection for anyone seeking his most important writings in one book"--

Industrialization. --- Economists --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Economic Development. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / General. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Essays. --- Industrial development --- Economic development --- Economic policy --- Deindustrialization --- Hirschman, Albert O. --- Hirschmann, Otto A. --- Хиршман, Альберт Отто --- Khirshman, Alʹbert Otto --- He-xi-man, A-er-bo-te O. --- 赫希曼, 阿尔伯特 O. --- Economics --- Economists - United States --- Industrialization --- Hirschman, Albert Otto, - 1915-2012 --- A Bias for Hope. --- Albert O. Hirschman. --- Colombian violence. --- European integration. --- James L. Payne. --- John Womack. --- Latin America. --- Mexican revolution. --- North American social science. --- William Arthur Lewis. --- analogical structures. --- apprehension. --- balanced growth. --- behavior. --- capitalism. --- capitalist development. --- citizens' voice. --- cognitive style. --- competition. --- complex phenomena. --- consumer goods. --- creativity. --- cumulative change. --- customs unions. --- democracy. --- democratic life. --- development economics. --- development theories. --- development. --- doux-commerce thesis. --- economic development. --- economic discourse. --- economic forces. --- economic integration. --- economics. --- emotions. --- enlarged political economy. --- envy. --- essays. --- explicit models of possibilities. --- feudal-shackles thesis. --- freedom. --- growth sectors. --- identity. --- import-substituting industrialization. --- income inequality. --- indifference. --- industrial growth. --- industrialization. --- inequality. --- intellectual leadership. --- intellectual. --- interest. --- late-late industrializing. --- linkage approach. --- linkage effects. --- literary imagination. --- little traditions. --- love. --- major polemical maneuvers. --- market society. --- marketplace. --- micro-Marxism. --- models. --- modern capitalist society. --- mutual-benefit claim. --- neo-Marxism. --- opinionated opinions. --- opinions. --- orthodox monoeconomics. --- paradigms. --- perception of change. --- personal welfare. --- perverse effect. --- political economy. --- political forces. --- political integration. --- political leadership. --- political participation. --- political power. --- political protest. --- political science. --- politics of integration. --- preference changes. --- primary exports. --- production. --- progressives. --- psychological effects. --- psychology. --- quality of life. --- reaction. --- reactive movements. --- real change. --- reformers. --- routine thinking. --- self-destruction thesis. --- self-interest. --- simple explanations. --- social change. --- social phenomena. --- social science. --- social sciences. --- sociopolitical consequences. --- staples. --- state power. --- statecraft. --- strong opinions. --- structural causes. --- theorizing. --- tunnel effect. --- underdevelopment. --- une conomie politique largie.