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Described by Henry James as a 'dark, silent, medieval woman', Jane Burden Morris has tended to remain a rather one-dimensional figure in subsequent accounts. This book, however, challenges the stereotype of Jane Morris as silent model, reclusive invalid, and unfaithful wife. Drawing on extensive archival research as well as the biographical and literary tradition surrounding William Morris and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, the book argues that Jane Morris is a figure who complicates current understandings of Victorian female subjectivity because she does not fit neatly into Victorian categories of feminine identity. She was a working-class woman who married into middle-class affluence, an artist's model who became an accomplished embroiderer and designer, and an apparently reclusive, silent invalid who was the lover of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Wilfred Scawen Blunt.

Artists' models --- Models, Artists' --- Models (Persons) --- Morris, Jane, --- Burden, Jane, --- Morris, Jane Burden, --- Women --- Civilization, Modern --- History --- Great Britain --- Civilization --- Nineteenth century

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Sculpture --- video recordings [physical artifacts] --- installations [visual works] --- performance art --- sculpting --- lichaam (van de mens) --- installatiekunst --- beeldhouwkunst --- Burden, Chris

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Jamaica has made many notable achievements in the fight against HIV/AIDS, which include a robust treatment program and improved HIV prevention programs that increasingly focus on the key drivers of the HIV epidemic and which are based on evidence. These attainments have resulted in a sustained decline in the estimated incidence of HIV and in a reduction in AIDS mortality. The national response to HIV/AIDS in Jamaica is currently financed by the Government as well as by several external sources, including the World Bank, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) and the United States government. It is expected, however, that external financing will cease or be significantly reduced in the next two years. As a result, a substantial increase in domestic financing for the national HIV/AIDS response will be needed. However, public debt levels are high, and the country is feeling the repercussions of the global financial crisis, thus the availability of domestic resources is and will be very tight. Any shortfall in financing whether domestic, external or both will have serious implications for the delivery of HIV services. The Government of Jamaica requested this study so as to inform its future HIV/AIDS policy response. This study is one input in a series of actions that the Government will undertake to formulate a future sustainability plan and investment framework for the National HIV Program. This study was led and financed by the World Bank and conducted in collaboration with the Government of Jamaica and United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The study aimed to assess the sustainability of Jamaica's National HIV Program from a fiscal perspective. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to: 1) review current spending on HIV/AIDS and the sources of financing; 2) estimate the fiscal burden of the national HIV/AIDS response and assess the outlook for external financing of the HIV program; 3) project how the epidemic will unfold as well as what the costs would be under different potential scenarios; and 4) provide recommendations to inform policy decisions.

Access to Health Services --- Burden of Disease --- Child Development --- Civil Society Organizations --- Communicable Diseases --- Debt --- Disease Control & Prevention --- Drugs --- Expenditures --- Females --- Gender --- Gross Domestic Product --- Health Economics & Finance --- Health Insurance --- Health Outcomes --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hiv/Aids --- Human Development --- Human Resources --- Infant Mortality --- Injuries --- Life Expectancy --- Malaria --- Orphans --- Palliative Care --- Population Growth --- Public Health --- Respect --- Tuberculosis --- User Fees

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Tax "justice" has become an increasingly central issue of political debate in many countries, particularly following the cardiac arrest of global financial services in 2008 and the subsequent worldwide slump in trade and production. The evident abuse of tax systems by corporations and rich individuals through tax avoidance schemes and offshore shadow banking is increasingly in the public eye. Above all, the political challenges of recovery and structural reform have raised core issues of burden-sharing and social equity on the agendas of both civil society groups and political elites. Democra

Distributive justice. --- Fiscal policy. --- International trade. --- Social justice. --- Tax incidence. --- Taxation. --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Incidence of taxation --- Tax burden --- Tax equity --- Taxation --- Tax shifting --- Equality --- Justice --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Economic policy --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Social justice --- Wealth --- Government policy --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Tax incidence --- Fiscal policy --- Distributive justice --- International trade

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Even after one of the most severe multi-year crises on record in the advanced economies, the received wisdom in policy circles clings to the notion that high-income countries are completely different from their emerging market counterparts. The current phase of the official policy approach is predicated on the assumption that debt sustainability can be achieved through a mix of austerity, forbearance and growth. The claim is that advanced countries do not need to resort to the standard toolkit of emerging markets, including debt restructurings and conversions, higher inflation, capital controls and other forms of financial repression. As we document, this claim is at odds with the historical track record of most advanced economies, where debt restructuring or conversions, financial Repression, and a tolerance for higher inflation, or a combination of these were an integral part of the resolution of significant past debt overhangs.

Debts, Public. --- Financial crises. --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Public Finance --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics --- Growth and Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Financial Crises --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial crises --- External debt --- Domestic debt --- Debt burden --- Debts, Public --- Debts, External --- United States