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Hydrocarbons provide our core energy resource. Information on their origin, properties and phase behavior is interesting from the point of view of physical chemistry. At the same time this information is of great value to the oil and gas industry. The book "Hydrocarbon" is comprised of 9 chapters, covering different topics: from origin of hydrocarbons to the method for hydrocarbon exploration. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and their influence to environment are also discussed. This book should serve as a support to researchers and students as well as experts, both in academia and industry.

Hydrocarbons. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Organic compounds --- Qualitative --- Physical chemistry

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This work presents a snapshot of the state of the art of modern biomolecular crystallography, from crystallisation through structure determination and even interactive presentation on the web.  Methods driving the latest automated structure determination pipelines are explained, as well as how to deal with problems such as crystal pathologies that still demand expert analysis.  These methods are illustrated through their application to problems of great biological interest, such as the molecular machinery underlying the complement pathway, the mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and the structure of the eukaryotic ribosome.  Complementary approaches, such as neutron diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering, coherent diffraction and computational modelling, are also explored.

Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Biochemistry. --- Crystallography. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Protein Structure. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Leptology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Composition --- Organic chemistry. --- Proteins. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Proteins . --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Analytical chemistry --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Analytic biochemistry --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Biochemistry

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S. Glöggler B. Blümich S. Appelt NMR Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis at Low Magnetic Fields U.L. Günther Dynamic Nuclear Hyperpolarization in Liquids E. Kupce NMR with Multiple Receivers Y. Xu S. Matthews TROSY NMR Spectroscopy of Large Soluble Proteins H. Müller M. Etzkorn H. Heise Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Proteins G. Pintacuda G. Kervern Paramagnetic Solid-State Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy  .

Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy. --- Biochemistry. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Protein Structure. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Composition --- Proteins. --- Microscopy. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Proteins . --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Analytical chemistry --- Spectroscopie de la résonance magnétique nucléaire

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Photochromism is the reversible phototransformation of a chemical species between two forms having different absorption spectra. During the phototransformation not only the absorption spectra but also various physicochemical properties change, such as the refractive index, dielectric constant, oxidation/reduction potential, and geometrical structure. The property changes can be applied to photonic equipment such as erasable memory media, photo-optical switch components, and display devices. This book compiles the accomplishments of the research project titled “New Frontiers in Photochromism” supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The project focused not only on the above-mentioned classical subjects in photochromism, such as color changes, optical memory, and optical switches, but also on fundamental physicochemical studies and unprecedented application fields that have not yet been explored in photochromism. The latter topics include light-driven mechanical motion, photocontrol of surface wettability, metal deposition on solid materials, photocontrol of chiral properties, ultrafast decoloration dyes, and femtosecond laser experiments, among others.

Chemistry. --- Photochromism. --- Science. --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Photochemistry. --- Light --- Photolysis (Chemistry) --- Chemical action --- Spectroscopy. --- Physical chemistry. --- Polymers. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Photochemistry --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Optics --- Materials --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Polymers  . --- Electronic materials --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry

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Aperiodic Crystals collects 37 selected papers from the scientific contributions presented at Aperiodic 2012 - the Seventh International Conference on Aperiodic Crystals held in Cairns, Australia, 2-7 of September 2012. The volume discusses state-of-the-art discoveries, new trends and applications of aperiodic crystals - including incommensurately modulated crystals, composite crystals, and quasicrystals - from a wide range of different perspectives. Starting with a general historical introduction to aperiodic crystals, the book proceeds to examine the complex mathematics of aperiodic long-range order, as well as the theoretical approaches aimed at understanding some of the unique properties and mechanisms underlying the existence of aperiodic crystals. The book then explores in detail such topics as complex metallic alloys, modulated structures, quasicrystals and their approximants, dynamics, disorder and defects in quasicrystals. It concludes with an analysis of quasicrystal surfaces and their properties. By describing the latest research and the progress made on the structure determination of aperiodic crystals and the influence of this unique structure on their physical properties, this book represents a valuable resource to mathematicians, crystallographers, physicists, chemists, materials and surface scientists, and even architects and artists, interested in the fascinating nature of aperiodic crystals.

Aperiodicity -- Congresses. --- Crystallography -- Congresses. --- Quasicrystals -- Congresses. --- Crystals. --- Quasicrystals. --- Quasi-crystals --- Materials science. --- Spectroscopy. --- Crystallography. --- Structural materials. --- Materials Science. --- Structural Materials. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Condensed matter --- Crystals --- Crystallography --- Powders --- Solids --- Materials. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Qualitative --- Materials --- Spectrometry --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Analytical chemistry --- Quasicrystals --- Aperiodicity