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Software effort estimation is a key element of software project planning and management. Yet, in industrial practice, the important role of effort estimation is often underestimated and/or misunderstood. In this book, Adam Trendowicz presents the CoBRA method  (an abbreviation for Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment) for estimating the effort required to successfully complete a software development project, which uniquely combines human judgment and measurement data in order to systematically create a custom-specific effort estimation model. CoBRA goes far beyond simply predicting the development effort; it supports project decision-makers in negotiating the project scope, managing project risks, benchmarking productivity, and directing improvement activities. To illustrate the method’s practical use, the book reports several real-world cases where CoBRA was applied in various industrial contexts. These cases represent different estimation contexts in terms of software project environment, estimation objectives, and estimation constraints. This book is the result of a successful collaboration between the process management division of Fraunhofer IESE and many software companies in the field of software engineering technology transfer. It mainly addresses software practitioners who deal with planning and managing software development projects as part of their daily work, and is also of interest for students or courses specializing in software engineering or software project management.

Information Technology --- Software Engineering --- Computer software -- Development -- Management. --- Computer software -- Development. --- Reliability (Engineering) -- Congresses. --- Computer software --- Software engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Development --- Management --- Management. --- Computer science. --- Project management. --- Software engineering. --- Management information systems. --- Computer Science. --- Software Engineering. --- Management of Computing and Information Systems. --- Project Management. --- Information Systems. --- Industrial project management --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer-based information systems --- EIS (Information systems) --- Executive information systems --- MIS (Information systems) --- Sociotechnical systems --- Information resources management --- Communication systems

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Contemporary engineering design is heavily based on computer simulations. Accurate, high-fidelity simulations are used not only for design verification but, even more importantly, to adjust parameters of the system to have it meet given performance requirements. Unfortunately, accurate simulations are often computationally very expensive with evaluation times as long as hours or even days per design, making design automation using conventional methods impractical. These and other problems can be alleviated by the development and employment of so-called surrogates that reliably represent the expensive, simulation-based model of the system or device of interest but they are much more reasonable and analytically tractable.    This book is about surrogate-based modeling and optimization techniques, and their applications for solving difficult and computationally expensive engineering design problems. It begins by presenting the basic concepts and formulations of the surrogate-based modeling and optimization paradigm and then discusses relevant modeling techniques, optimization algorithms and design procedures, as well as state-of-the-art developments. The chapters are self-contained with basic concepts and formulations along with applications and examples. The book will be useful to researchers in engineering and mathematics, in particular those who employ computationally heavy simulations in their design work.

Reliability (Engineering) -- Congresses . --- Computer science --- Mathematical optimization --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Applied Mathematics --- Mathematics --- Engineering models. --- Engineering economy. --- Economy, Engineering --- Engineering economics --- Engineering --- Similitude in engineering --- Models --- Mathematics. --- Computer mathematics. --- Mathematical models. --- Calculus of variations. --- Operations research. --- Management science. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Astronautics. --- Control engineering. --- Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Control. --- Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control; Optimization. --- Operations Research, Management Science. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Industrial engineering --- Models and modelmaking --- Mathematical optimization. --- Control and Systems Theory. --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Optimization (Mathematics) --- Optimization techniques --- Optimization theory --- Systems optimization --- Mathematical analysis --- Maxima and minima --- Operations research --- Simulation methods --- System analysis --- Space sciences --- Aeronautics --- Astrodynamics --- Space flight --- Space vehicles --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Statistical decision --- Operational analysis --- Operational research --- Management science --- Research --- System theory --- Isoperimetrical problems --- Variations, Calculus of --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Automation --- Programmable controllers --- Aeronautical engineering --- Astronautics --- Models, Mathematical

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The book summarizes the findings and contributions of the European ARTEMIS project, CESAR, for improving and enabling interoperability of methods, tools, and processes to meet the demands in embedded systems development across four domains - avionics, automotive, automation, and rail. The contributions give insight to an improved engineering and safety process life-cycle for the development of safety critical systems. They present new concept of engineering tools integration platform to improve the development of safety critical embedded systems and illustrate capacity of this framework for end-user instantiation to specific domain needs and processes. They also advance state-of-the-art in component-based development as well as component and system validation and verification, with tool support. And finally they describe industry relevant evaluated processes and methods especially designed for the embedded systems sector as well as easy adoptable common interoperability principles for software tool integration.

Embedded systems. --- Maintainability (Engineering) -- Congresses. --- Reliability (Engineering) -- Congresses. --- Safety factor in engineering --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Embedded computer systems --- Mechanical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Industrial & Management Engineering --- Evaluation --- Embedded computer systems. --- Reliability of equipment --- Systems reliability --- Embedded systems (Computer systems) --- Engineering. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Industrial engineering. --- Production engineering. --- Electronic circuits. --- Industrial and Production Engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Engineering --- Maintainability (Engineering) --- Probabilities --- Systems engineering --- Plant performance --- Structural failures --- Computer systems --- Architecture Analysis and Design Language --- Systems engineering. --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Management engineering --- Simplification in industry --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Design and construction --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Manufacturing engineering --- Process engineering --- Mechanical engineering