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Energy efficiency has been referred to as a “hidden fuel”, one that extends energy supplies, increases energy security, lowers carbon emissions and generally supports sustainable economic growth. Yet it is hiding in plain sight: in 2011, investments in the energy efficiency market globally were at a similar scale to those in renewable energy or fossil-fuel power generation. The Energy Efficiency Market Report provides a practical basis for understanding energy efficiency market activities, a review of the methodological and practical challenges associated with measuring the market and its components, and statistical analysis of energy efficiency and its impact on energy demand. It also highlights a specific technology sector in which there is significant energy efficiency market activity, in this instance appliances and ICT. The report presents a selection of country case studies that illustrate current energy efficiency markets in specific sectors, and how they may evolve in the medium term. The energy efficiency market is diffuse, varied and involves all energy-consuming sectors of the economy. A comprehensive overview of market activity is complicated by the challenges associated with quantifying the components of the market and the paucity of comparable reported data. This report underscores how vital high-quality and timely energy efficiency data is to understanding this market. This first Energy Efficiency Market Report sits alongside IEA market reports for oil, gas, coal and renewable energy, highlighting its place as a major energy resource. It summarises in one place the trends and prospects for investment and energy cost savings in the medium term, up to 2020. This Report joins the IEA market reports for oil, gas, coal and renewable energy, highlighting energy efficiency’s place as a major energy resource. It summarises the trends and prospects for investment and energy cost savings in the medium term, up to 2020.

Energy consumption -- European Union countries. --- Energy consumption. --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Energy conservation. --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Conservation of energy resources --- Conservation of power resources --- Rational use of energy --- RUE (Rational use of energy) --- Power resources --- Energy conservation --- Conservation of natural resources --- Energy consumption --- Energy policy --- Recycling (Waste, etc.)

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Since the IEA last reviewed Germany’s energy policies in 2007, the country has taken two fundamental policy decisions that will guide its energy policy in coming decades.  In September 2010, the federal government adopted the Energy Concept, a comprehensive new strategy for a long-term integrated energy pathway to 2050. Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 2011, Germany decided to accelerate the phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 starting with the immediate closure of the eight oldest plants. This decision resulted in the adoption of a new suite of policy measures, determined renewable energy as the cornerstone of future energy supply, a set of policy instruments commonly known as the Energiewende. In order to achieve the ambitious energy transformation set out in the Energiewende, by 2030 half of all electricity supply will come from renewable energy sources; Germany must continue to develop cost-effective market-based approaches which will support the forecast growth of variable renewable generation. Furthermore, the costs and benefits need to be allocated in a fair and transparent way among all market participants, especially households. Renewable energy capacity must expand alongside the timely development of the transmission and distribution networks. In addition, a stable regulatory system is necessary to ensure long-term finance to network operators. Furthermore, close monitoring of Germany’s ability to meet electricity demand at peak times should continue in the medium term. Energy policy decisions in Germany inevitably have an impact beyond the country’s borders and must be taken within the context of a broader European energy policy framework and in close consultation with its neighbours. This review analyses the energy-policy challenges facing Germany and provides recommendations for further policy improvements. It is intended to help guide the country towards a more secure and sustainable energy future.

Energy policy --- Energy conservation --- Power resources --- Energy consumption --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Natural resources --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Conservation of energy resources --- Conservation of power resources --- Rational use of energy --- RUE (Rational use of energy) --- Conservation of natural resources --- Recycling (Waste, etc.) --- Germany

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Most electricity customers see electricity rates that are based on average electricity costs and bear little relation to the true production costs of electricity as they vary over time. Demand response is a tariff or program established to motivate changes in electric use by end-use customers in response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or to give incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high market prices or when grid reliability is jeopardized. Price-based demand response such as real-time pricing (RTP), critical-peak pricing (CPP) and time-of-

Electric utilities. --- Energy conservation. --- Conservation of energy resources --- Conservation of power resources --- Rational use of energy --- RUE (Rational use of energy) --- Electric companies --- Electric light and power industry --- Electric power industry --- Conservation of natural resources --- Power resources --- Energy consumption --- Energy policy --- Recycling (Waste, etc.) --- Electric industries --- Energy industries --- Public utilities

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Electric power production --- Energy conservation --- Energy storage --- Electric power production. --- Energy conservation. --- Energy storage. --- Storage of energy --- Conservation of energy resources --- Conservation of power resources --- Rational use of energy --- RUE (Rational use of energy) --- Electric power generation --- Electricity generation --- Power production, Electric --- Force and energy --- Power (Mechanics) --- Flywheels --- Pulsed power systems --- Conservation of natural resources --- Power resources --- Energy consumption --- Energy policy --- Recycling (Waste, etc.) --- Electric power systems --- Electrification