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An edited compilation of articles that focus on using financial engineering - a multidisciplinary field that uses technical methods from the fields of finance, mathematics and economics - to design financial services for low-income households. The book aims to provide an understanding of the various risk-reward trade-offs facing low-income households and how principles of financial engineering can be best applied to understand and manage the complete suite of financial and non-financial assets, including human capital, insurance, annuities and loans.

Financial services industry --- Poor --- Financial engineering --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Finance - General --- Social aspects --- Finance, Personal --- Financial engineering. --- Social aspects. --- Finance, Personal. --- Computational finance --- Engineering, Financial --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Services, Financial --- Economic conditions --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Service industries --- E-books

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In the 1880's, social reform leaders warned that the ""unworthy"" poor were taking charitable relief intended for the truly deserving. Armed with statistics and confused notions of evolution, these ""scientific charity"" reformers founded organizations intent on limiting access to relief by the most morally, biologically, and economically unfit. Brent Ruswick examines a prominent national organization for scientific social reform and poor relief in Indianapolis in order to understand how these new theories of poverty gave birth to new programs to assist the poor.

Poverty --- Nature and nurture --- Charities --- Poor --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Environment --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- History. --- Services for --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on --- Economic conditions --- Environment and genetics --- Environment and heredity

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In this book, anthropologist Erin Taylor explores how residents of a squatter settlement in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, use their material resources creatively to solve everyday problems and, over a few decades, radically transform the community. Their struggles show how these everyday engagements with materiality, rather than more dramatic efforts, generate social change and build futures.

Poor --- Material culture --- Squatter settlements --- Poverty --- Social values --- Values --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Informal settlements (Squatter settlements) --- Irregular settlements --- Settlements, Spontaneous --- Settlements, Squatter --- Shack towns --- Shanty towns --- Shantytowns --- Spontaneous settlements --- Uncontrolled settlements --- Cities and towns --- Slums --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions

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Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women's shelters. Nicholas Terpstra shows that gender was the key factor driving innovation. Most of the recipients of charity were women. The most creative new plans focused on features of women's poverty like illegitimate births, hunger, unemployment, and domestic violence. Signal features of the reforms, from forced labor to new instruments of saving and lending, were devised specifically to help young women get a start in life. Cultures of Charity is the first book to see women's poverty as the key factor driving changes to poor relief. These changes generated intense political debates as proponents of republican democracy challenged more elitist and authoritarian forms of government emerging at the time. Should taxes fund poor relief? Could forced labor help build local industry? Focusing on Bologna, Terpstra looks at how these fights around politics and gender generated pioneering forms of poor relief, including early examples of maternity benefits, unemployment insurance, food stamps, and credit union savings plans.

Charities --- Poor --- Women --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social service --- Endowments --- History. --- Economic conditions --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Bologna (Italy) --- Bononia (Italy) --- Bologne (Italy) --- Bolonia (Italy) --- Bononia Pinguis (Italy) --- Felsina (Italy) --- Social conditions.

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While the welfare functions of the workhouse have been well researched, its medical services have been comparatively neglected. Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and despite much administrative reform, workhouse medicine remained central to the medical experiences of the poor. Workhouse beds in Britain, for example, far outnumbered beds provided by charitable hospitals, which have often been the subject of historical study, and, by the 1830s, most parishes possessed their own workhouses. A high percentage of entries to workhouses consisted of the sick of all ages. In those communities where the elderly comprised the majority of workhouse inmates, most required medical relief. Perhaps inevitably, the position of workhouse doctor, or medical officer, became progressively more central to the management of these institutions, though we know very little about these overworked and undervalued practitioners. Historians of welfare, the English poor laws, and medicine have been aware of the importance of workhouse-based medical relief in the past, but the topic has not bee studied in depth. This is the first book to examine the history of the medical services provided by these welfare institutions, both in Britain and its former colonies, over the period covered by the Old and New Poor Laws. Jonathan Reinarz is Director of the History of Medicine Unit at the University of Birmingham, UK. He has published extensively on the history of English medical institutions, 1750-1950. Leonard Schwarz has recently retired as a Reader in Urban History at the University of Birmingham, where he founded the Birmingham Eighteenth Century Centre.

Workhouses. --- Poor --- Workhouses --- Charities, Medical --- Penal institutions --- Correctional institutions --- Prisons --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Medical care. --- Medical care --- History. --- Health and hygiene --- Economic conditions --- Biopsychosocial Approach. --- British Poor Laws. --- Compassion. --- Eighteenth Century. --- Elderly. --- History of Medicine. --- Humanism. --- Infirm. --- Medical Services. --- Nineteenth Century. --- Patient-Physician Communication. --- Poor. --- Professionalism. --- University of Rochester Medical Center.